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Dec 13, 2017Keywords:
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Caractéristiques végétales, typologie et fonctions des bois sacrés au Burkina Faso
Abstract
Au Burkina Faso, les bois sacrés sont des îlots de végétations conservés et gérés par les autorités coutumières. Pour comprendre les caractéristiques végétales, la typologie et les fonctions de ces bois sacrés, une étude a été réalisée à l’aide d’enquêtes ethnobotaniques auprès de 32 groupes ethniques suivie de relevés botaniques sur le terrain. Ces études montrent qu’au Burkina Faso: selon l’incarnation du bois, il y a les bois fétiches, les bois cimetières, les bois fétiches-cimetières, les bois de divinités et les bois hantés ; suivant la propriété, on distingue les bois personnels, les bois familiaux, les bois de quartier, les bois communautaires et les bois de sociétés secrètes. Ils sont dominés par des espèces telles que Acacia erythrocalyx Brenan, Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr., Combretum micranthum G. Don, Combretum nigricans Lepr. ex Guill. & Perr., Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Khaya senegalensis (Desv.) A. Juss., Isoberlinia doka Craib & Stapf, Maranthes polyandra (Benth.) Prance, Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalz., Burkea africana Hook., Monotes kerstingii Gilg. Les bois sacrés assurent aux populations, plusieurs fonctions: écologique, cultuelle, socio-culturelle, magique et mixte. Parmi les bois sacrés, seuls ceux qui suscitent la crainte à l’endroit de la population sont intégralement protégés.
Mots clés: Bois sacré, enquête ethnobotanique, caractéristiques végétales, fonctions, typologie, Burkina Faso
English Title: Plant characteristics, typology and functions of sacred woodlands in Burkina Faso
English Abstract
In Burkina Faso, sacred woodlands are islands of vegetation preserved and managed by the customary authorities. To understand the plant characteristics, the typology and the functions of these sacred woodlands, a study has been carried out using ethnobotanical investigation along 32 ethnic groups and floristic surveys. Surveys show that in Burkina Faso: According to the incarnation of the sacred woodland, there are the fetish sacred woodlands, the cemetery sacred woodlands, the fetish-cemeteries sacred woodlands, the sacred woodlands of deities and the haunted sacred woodlands; Depending on the property, we can distinguish personal sacred woods, family sacred woodlands, neighborhood sacred woodlands, community sacred woodlands and woodlands of secret societies. They are dominated by the species such as Acacia erythrocalyx Brenan, Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr., Combretum micranthum G. Don, Combretum nigricans Lepr. ex Guill. & Perr., Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Khaya senegalensis (Desv.) A. Juss., Isoberlinia doka Craib & Stapf, Maranthes polyandra (Benth.) Prance, Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalz., Burkea africana Hook., Monotes kerstingii Gilg. The sacred woodlands provide to the populations several functions: ecological, religious, socio-cultural, magical and mixed. Among the sacred woodlands, only those which arouse fear among the population are well protected.
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Keywords: Sacred woodland, ethnobotanical investigation, plant characteristics, functions, typology, Burkina Faso
