Biological and clinical abnormalities leading to cardiovascular disease during antiretroviral treatment in a university hospital in Abidjan

Abstract

Antiretroviral drugs are involved in the occurrence of adverse effects. In Côte d'Ivoire, HIV1 treatment protocols are non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors based. No study has been undertaken in the country about cardiovascular risk. Thus, the objective of our study was to assess the prevalence of biological abnormalities and clinical markers of cardiovascular risk during antiretroviral therapy. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study with 238 patients who were on antiretroviral treatment including nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for at least 6 months in the Pneumophtisiology department of the university hospital of Cocody (Abidjan). Metabolic syndrome was determined according to NCEP-ATP III criteria. Biological parameters investigated were: triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and LDL, glucose and clinical parameters: blood pressure and waist circumference. Eleven patients (4.62%) have a metabolic syndrome, 17.6% had hypertriglyceridemia. An increase in LDL cholesterol and lower HDL-cholesterol were found in both cases in 13.9% of patients and an atherogenic index greater than 4.5 in 5% of patients. Hyperglycemia occurred during antiretroviral therapy in 28% of the study population. Patients who developed hypertension and increased waist circumference during antiretroviral therapy were 9.75% and 15.5% respectively. Our results testify to the potential existence of a cardiovascular risk during the non-nucleoside inhibitor used.

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Keywords: Antiretrovirals, biological, clinical abnormalities, cardiovascular risk