Laboratory evaluation of toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis, neem oil and methamidophos against Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae

Abstract

Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), remains a major pest of brassica crops worldwide. Chemical control of this pest remains difficult due to the rapid development of resistance to insecticides and to their effect on natural enemies. The objective of this study was to assess the toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), neem oil and methamidophos on larvae of P. xylostella under laboratory conditions. Leaf-dip bioassay for DBM larvae was used to assess mortality. For each treatment, three doses (low, medium and high) were applied on cabbage leaves and presented to third instar larvae. Larval mortality was performed every 24 hours for a period of eight days. The application of the three dosages of Biobit was more effective against P. xylostella larvae when compared to the other treatments. However, there was no significant difference in larval mortality when all three doses of Biobit were tested compared to the control. Methamidophos was the least toxic treatments with high dosage recording the lowest mortality rate of 52.5%. These results showed that Btbased biopesticides and neem extracts could be of help, but their deployment should be part of an integrated pest management package, which recognizes the constraints of farmers while addressing the requirement to control of P. xylostella populations.

Keywords: Diamondback moth, biopesticide, Azadirachta indica, cabbage, bioassay.