Renal manifestations and complications of COVID-19

Abstract

In December 2019, the Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was brought to the fore as the cause of the rapidly spreading Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) that soon became a global pandemic with rising death tolls.
The disease was initially described as a primary respiratory infection, however as studies advance, its effects on the kidneys have also been descibed. The role of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor found in abundance in both the lungs and the kidneys has been implicated in the pathophysiology of kidney disease following kidney infection.
This article discusses the aetiology, pathogenesis, and management of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in COVID-19 and the peculiarities of the infection in patients with end-stage renal disease on renal replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplant).