Integrating cybersecurity and ICT into climate-smart agriculture: a framework for resilient food systems.

Abstract

The increasing integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) has transformed traditional farming practices, offering innovative solutions to enhance productivity, build resilience to climate change, and
reduce environmental impacts. Technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain enable real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and secure supply chain management, aligning with CSA’s goals of sustainability and food security. However, reliance on digital tools has introduced cybersecurity vulnerabilities, including data breaches, ransomware attacks, and IoT exploitation, which threaten the stability and reliability of agricultural systems. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for integrating cybersecurity into CSA, addressing these vulnerabilities through measures such as risk assessments, data encryption, and AI-driven threat detection. By bridging technological innovation with robust security protocols, the framework ensures the sustainability of digital agricultural systems. The paper also discusses the challenges of implementing such measures, including technological access disparities, high costs, and digital literacy gaps, while highlighting future opportunities to leverage emerging technologies, foster collaboration, and strengthen global policy frameworks. This approach seeks to create resilient, secure, and inclusive agricultural systems that meet the demands of a growing population while mitigating the impacts of climate change.