Emerging technologies in governance: insights from SADC nations

Abstract

This study explored the role of emerging technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT), in transforming governance frameworks across the Southern African Development Community (SADC) nations. Governance in the region is characterised by a complex interplay of historical legacies, socio-political dynamics and infrastructure limitations. Emerging technologies offer the potential to enhance transparency, efficiency and citizen engagement in governance, yet their adoption is hindered by infrastructural deficits, digital literacy gaps and regulatory challenges. Through a qualitative research design involving in-depth interviews,
document analysis and case studies of countries such as South Africa, Botswana and Zimbabwe, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of both the opportunities and obstacles associated with the integration of these technologies in public administration. Key findings highlight AI's transformative role in enhancing public service delivery, blockchain’s potential in promoting transparency and IoT’s application in smart city initiatives. However, significant barriers remain, particularly in rural areas with inadequate infrastructure and among public officials lacking digital skills. The study concludes that for SADC nations to fully harness the potential of emerging technologies, comprehensive policy reforms, investments in digital infrastructure and capacity-building initiatives are critical. The research contributes to the understanding of how digital transformation can shape governance in developing regions, offering insights into strategies for successful technology integration and highlighting the importance of regional collaboration to maximise technological benefits in governance.