Does Election Observation Matter? Examining the Implementation of Election Observation Recommendations in Tanzania and Uganda

Abstract

Electoral observation has become an integral part of the democratic and electoral processes in Africa. In the short term, international and local election observers enhance the transparency and credibility of elections and the acceptance of results in the continent. Moreover, in the long term, proposals issued by observers are critical in improving the quality of future elections. This paper is concerned with the long-term goal of election observation. Focusing on Tanzania and Uganda, it examines the extent to which reforms that observers propose are considered in improving subsequent elections. The paper relied on a desk review of documentary sources. The review paid particular attention to the recommendations issued in each election, focusing on how often they have been repeated across elections. The paper notes that the proposed reforms in the two countries are, by design, not adequately implemented. Addressing the lapses identified by election observers is uninteresting among political actors since it threatens the electoral advantage and the status quo. The paper recommends the formation of inclusive coalitions and networks that will strategically push for implementing election observers' recommendations.