Ghana Journal of Science, Technology and Development
Journal / Ghana Journal of Science, Technology and Development / Submissions

 

Manuscript Structure

The content of manuscripts must be arranged under the following sections: (1) Title Page with manuscript title, authors name(s) and address (es); (2) Abstract (3) Keywords; (4) Introduction; (5) Materials and Methods, (6) Results and Discussion (combined). Although each section may be separated by headings, they should form one continuous narrative and only include details essential to the arguments presented; (7) Conclusions and Recommendation; (8); Acknowledgments; (9) Competing Interest and (10) References.

Main section headings should be bold, left-aligned and should NOT be numbered. Do not underline the title or section headings. Subsections (also bolded) may be included and should be sentenced case. Avoid excessive fragmentation of the paper. Font size is 12 and type should be Times New Roman in Microsoft word.

The content of manuscripts must be arranged under the following sections: (1) Title Page with manuscript title, authors name(s) and address (es); (2) Abstract (3) Keywords; (4) Introduction; (5) Materials and Methods, (6) Results and Discussion (combined). Although each section may be separated by headings, they should form one continuous narrative and only include details essential to the arguments presented; (7) Conclusions and Recommendation; (8); Acknowledgments; (9) Competing Interest and (10) References.

Main section headings should be bold, left-aligned and should NOT be numbered. Do not underline the title or section headings. Subsections (also bolded) may be included and should be sentenced case. Avoid excessive fragmentation of the paper. Font size is 12 and type should be Times New Roman in Microsoft word.

Title page:

• Title: The title should be concise, informative and reflects the theme of the paper. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
• Author names and affiliations: Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
• Corresponding author: Clearly indicate (marked by an asterisk) who will handle correspondence at all stages of review, publication and post-publication. Ensure that telephone and e-mail address are all provided.

Abstract: The abstract should have between 150-250 words and should contain salient features of the study; briefly indicating the purpose, method of study, results, and the main conclusion.

Keywords: Authors must provide 4-6 keywords or phrases, which identify the most important subjects covered by the paper.

Introduction: This section should argue the case of your study, outlining only essential background, but should not include either the findings or the conclusions. It should not be a review of the subject area but should finish with a clear statement of the question being addressed. Please provide a context for the report with respect to previous work done in the field.

Materials and Methods (Methodology): This should be informative enough to allow a competent person to repeat and interpret the results obtained. Particular attention should be paid to the design, analytical procedures and statistical analysis. Standard protocols should be referred to with a very brief or summarized description.

Results and Discussion: This should highlight the findings, significance and place them in the context of other works. Avoid reproducing in the text information already in tables. The discussion should indicate scientific principles or theories supporting the findings and implications of the results obtained. Inferences and opinions should be distinguished from facts, and should not duplicate results except to introduce or clarify points. Reference should be made to published literature. Tables and figures must be embedded (included directly after the paragraph in which they are first cited) in the results and discussion section. Tables and Figures should be self-explanatory, without reference to the text or other tables and figures. Captions should be brief but should adequately describe the contents. The word Table should be in sentence case letters and should be numbered with Arabic numerals. In the text spell out the word Table but abbreviate Figure to Fig. Capitalize the first letter of a table column and row headings. Footnotes are designated with superscript lowercase letters. Graphs should be boxed and ordinates and abscissions marked with index lines. Illustrations should be in black and white and of a size that allows a reduction of up to 50%.

Conclusions and Recommendation: The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.

Acknowledgements: Those who contributed to the work (both in cash and kind) but do not meet the authorship criteria should be listed in the Acknowledgments with a description of the contribution. Authors are responsible for ensuring that anyone named in the Acknowledgments agrees to be named.

Competing Interest: Authors should state any potential conflict of interest.

References: Only published articles (journals and proceedings) or books may be cited. In addition, articles with evidence of journal acceptance are considered as "in press" and are also citable but should be sparingly used. Do not cite unavailable and unpublished work, including manuscripts that have been submitted but not yet accepted (e.g., “unpublished work,” “data not shown”). Instead, include those data as supplementary material or deposit the data in a publicly available database. Personal communications (these should be supported by a letter from the relevant authors but not included in the reference list). GJSTD uses the American Psychological Association referencing style (APA 6th Edition). APA uses the ‘author-date’ style of referencing. That is, in-text references (generally) appear in the following format: (Author’s Last Name, Year of Publication). The reference list should be arranged alphabetically.

Examples:

For journals list as:

Meaza, M., Seyoum, T., & Woldetsadik, K. (2007). Effects of preharvest treatments on yield and chemical composition of tomato.  African Crop Science Journal, 15(3),149 – 159.

First time in-text, references should be given as Meaza, Seyoum, and Woldetsadik (2007) or ... similar results have been obtained........... (Meaza, Seyoum, & Woldetsadik, 2007).

The subsequent in-text citation should be Meaza et al. (2007) or ... similar results have been obtained….. (Meaza et al., 2007).

For Conference Proceedings list as:

Omiat, E., Kapinga, R., Tumwegamire, S., Odong, T., & Adipala, E. (2005). On-farm evaluation of orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties in Northeastern Uganda.  Paper presented at the African Crop Science Conference Proceedings (603-609).

First time in-text, reference should be given as Omiat, Kapinga, Tumwegamire, Odong, and Adipala, (2005) or similar results have been obtained…. (Omiat, Kapinga, Tumwegamire, Odong, & Adipala, 2005)

The subsequent in-text citation should be Omiat et al. (2005) or similar results have been obtained….. (Omiat et al., 2005)

For books list as:

Truong, V. D., Avula, R. Y., Pecota, K., & Yencho, C. G. (2011). Sweetpotatoes. In N. K. Sinha (Ed.), Handbook of vegetables & vegetable processing (pp. 717-737).  New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell

First time in-text, reference should be given as Truong, Avula, Pecota, and Yencho, (2011) or similar results have been obtained (Truong, Avula, Pecota, & Yencho, 2011).

The subsequent in-text citation should be: Truong et al. (2011) or similar results have been obtained (Truong et al., 2011).

For Book Chapter list as:

Ray, R. C., Ravi, V., Hegde, V., Rao, K. R., & Tomlins, K. I. (2010). Postharvest handling, storage methods, pest and diseases of sweet potato In R. C. Ray & K. Tomlins (Eds.), Sweet potato: Postharvest aspects in food, feed and industry (pp. 27 - 57). New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

First time in-text, reference should be given as: Ray, Ravi, Hegde, Rao, and Tomlins (2010) or similar results have been obtained (Ray, Ravi, Hegde, Rao, & Tomlins, 2010).

The subsequent in-text citation should be: Ray et al. (2010) or similar results have been obtained (Ray et al. 2010).

For electronic resource materials (online publications) list as:

 Zachary, G.P. 2008. Africa plays the rice card. Foreign Policy.May/June 2008 (web-exclusive story).  http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story id=4306.  Accessed 26 August 2008.

Thesis

Reference list

Fugger, W.-D. (2002). Evaluation of potential indicators for soil quality in Savanna soils in Northern Ghana (West Africa). (PhD. Theses), Niedersächsische Staats-und  Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen

 In-text reference as: Fugger (2002) or (Fugger, 2002)

 Plagiarism Check: Author(s) are advised to carry out a plagiarism check on their manuscripts using appropriate softwares before submitting to GJSTD.

Disclaimer: The journal and the University for Development Studies are not liable in case of any anomalies on the part of authors and/or inaccuracies in published works.

The Editor-In-Chief

Ghana Journal of Science, Technology and Development

Faculty of Agriculture

University for Development Studies

Email:   jstd.gh@gmail.com