Global Journal of Social Sciences

Variability Of Rainfall And Temperature Distributions In Delta State, Nigeria

Ndakara Ofudjaye Emmanuel — 2024-07-13

The knowledge of variability in climatic attributes is necessary for the evaluation of their distributions within regions. This research investigated the distributions and how rainfall and temperature (R&T) varied across the Delta State region of Nigeria. The research design employed is the ex post facto. The study employed yearly and monthly (R&T) data gotten from the Climate Research Unit (CRU) through Google earth, and Time-Series (TS) monthly climate variation data from January, 1901 to December, 2019. Statistical analysis involved the mean, climographs, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Fisher Test, Post Hoc test, and Minitab 18 macro tool. The study observed increase of 0.4^oC in temperature and 320.3mm in rainfall. Significant variations in both monthly and annual (R&T) were observed. On the trends results, increasing trend in temperature within the 8 stations were observed, while no increasing trend in rainfall within the 8 stations were observed. Decreasing trend in seasonal temperature from January to June, and August to December was observed. Furthermore, decreasing rainfall trend was observed in February, May, June, July and November, with August and September having increasing trends while the January, March, April and December having no trends.

Debt servicing payment: the bane of economic growth in nigeria. [2005-2021]

Essien Etim Ndu — 2024-07-13

Economic growth, is a global issue that Nigeria is still contending with. This global phenomenon however, is plagued by twin evil called debt and debt servicing. Though debt and debt servicing is not bad in itself, but the management in Nigeria seems to hinder economic growth. This concern has prompted the need for this research to examine the effect of debt servicing on economic growth in Nigeria. Therefore, the specific objectives of this study are; to determine the effect of foreign debt servicing on GDP, and to examine the effect of domestic debt servicing on GDP. Two null hypothesis were tested to provide answers to the concerns posed by the independent variables on the dependent variable, ordinary least square regression was adopted, with the aid of SPSS to analyses our result. with GDP as the dimension for the dependent variable, the research period covered was 2005-2021. This research adopted ex-post facto design, because of the nature of data that is analysed. The choice of this design was due to the desire of the researchers to ensure a free interface of the data without manipulation. However, the findings revealed that both Foreign Debt Servicing and Domestic Debt Servicing have significant effect on GDP. We, therefore, conclude that debt servicing in Nigeria should be managed with utmost sincerity to stimulate economic growth. Suffice it to say that, domestic and foreign debt servicing has become obscenity rather than a blessing to the Nigerian economy, as it has not proven to salvage the economic woes of the Nigeria. We recommend accordingly that, Domestic and foreign debt servicing payments should be managed in such a manner that it would not hinder economic growth of Nigeria.

Exchange Rate And National Output Performances: The Implication On Nigeria’s Economy

Nnabu Bernard Eze — 2024-07-13

The study investigated the effect of exchange rate on economic growth in Nigeria using annual time series data from 1970 to 2021. The data were obtained from Statistical Bulletin published by the Central Bank of Nigeria 2021. The empirical studies reviewed had divergent views on the impact of exchange rate on economic growth in Nigeria. The study began with the test of unit root using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Philip-Peron (PP) unit root tests, followed by Johansen cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM). The VECM indicated that exchange rate appreciation contracts output. The granger causality tests revealed that exchange rate and economic growth reinforce one another. However, based on these findings, it becomes imperative to build adequate foreign reserve to cushion-off trade shocks, promote import substitute industries, diversification of economy and enhance export oriented industries and reduction in cost of borrowing to enable domestic firms to benefit from the theoretical advantages of exchange rate variation. These measures promote the performances of macroeconomic variables in Nigeria.

Factors Influencing Customer Decision-Making In Choosing E-Cab Services Over Traditional Taxis In Calabar Metropolis

Bassey B J — 2024-07-13

This research study aims to investigate the factors influencing customer choices between e-cab services and traditional taxis in Calabar, focusing on service quality, operational efficiency, pricing strategies, and customer incentives. Addressing gaps in existing literature, the study explores the unique preferences and decision-making criteria of customers in the Calabar metropolis when selecting transportation services. Employing a cross-sectional, descriptive design, the research utilized a structured questionnaire to collect data from 463 adults who have used both e-cab and traditional taxi services. The questionnaire was developed by the researchers, validated by experts and trial-tested for reliability purposes. The reliability coefficient was estimated at .93 using the Cronbach alpha reliability estimate. Collected data were subjected to analysis using descriptive statistics, relative important index, independent t-test and analysis of variance. The analysis revealed that the key factors influencing customer choices in Calabar between e-cab services and traditional taxis include convenience, cleanliness, ride comfort, safety, and cost-related incentives; Customer demographics such as age, gender, and income level did not significantly influence preferences between e-cabs and taxis in Calabar and that service speed, reliability, and competitive pricing strategies play a crucial role in customer decision-making. Recommendations include prioritizing service quality, implementing competitive pricing strategies, and focusing on service speed and reliability to enhance customer satisfaction and retention.

Administrative Structures Sustainability And Secondary Health Care Administration In Lagos, Nigeria

Bolanle Waliu Shiyanbade — 2024-07-13

The paper focused on the assessment of secondary healthcare administration in Lagos with respect to examined the administrative structure put in place in secondary healthcare facilities and evaluated the effects of administrative structure on secondary healthcare service in Lagos as well as analysed the challenges confronting the administration of secondary healthcare service in Lagos. The paper employed descriptive research design and quantitative research approach. The data were gathered through administration of structured questionnaire. The paper used 20% of the study population 1341, making 268 sample size for questionnaire which consisted of both medical and non-medical staff of three selected General Hospital in Lagos i.e. one from each senatorial district in Lagos State. Data collected were analysed using frequency distribution, percentages, tables, and t-test. The study revealed that sustainability of administrative structure put in place in Lagos State to manage the secondary healthcare service are impactful and has significant effects on the services rendered. Therefore, the paper recommended that hospital administration should provide up to date medical technology and infrastructure need to easy the work of health workers and promote service delivery and that government should be an increase in the financial commitment and budget allocation of the government to the health care sector to address the existing financial challenges. The paper concluded that sustainability of administrative structure has direct effect on secondary healthcare on service delivery in Lagos, Nigeria.

Female education for social development and Re-cultivating academic integrity among undergraduates of tertiary institutions in southern cross river state, nigeria

Bassey Glory Eteng — 2024-07-13

Female is a strategic development priority. Better educated women tend to be healthier than uneducated women, participate more in the formal labor market, earn more income, give birth to fewer children, marry at a later age, and provide better health care and education to their children. The paper posits that academic integrity is very crucial for the female pursuit of academic knowledge in realizing their potentials. This makes the connection between female education and academic integrity significant. The values of academic integrity are expected to be promoted or re-cultivated in the school. Three research questions and three hypotheses were formulated and tested in the study. Relevant and related literature was reviewed. The study adopted the survey research design. The sample for this study consisted of 750 female undergraduate students selected from three tertiary institutions in the study areas. In analyzing the obtained data, the Chi-square inferential statistics was adopted. The findings revealed that female education for social development is significantly moderated and modulated by academic integrity and reduced academic dishonesty in terms of cheating, plagiarism, unethical behavior, purchase of research papers and falsification of research data among lecturers and students. It was concluded that education is an engine of growth and key to the development of every society based on its quality. Hence the paper recommended that in view of the unique role of our women in facilitating social development through political participation, fertility regulation and labour force engagement, academic integrity should be re- cultivated in the tertiary education system.

The Right To Private Property In John Locke And Humanising The Human Nature

Ushie Abel Idagu — 2024-07-13

This research work attempts to give an expose of the right to private property in John Locke and its relevance to Nigeria regarding humanizing the human nature. The right to Private property is a perennial issue. It is one of the major issues in social and political philosophy that great philosophers across different philosophical epochs (from ancient to contemporary epochs) have preoccupied themselves with. Every philosophy, hitherto, arises and develops out of a particular situation and in a context. The philosophy of private property, therefore, arises from the fundamental human right. This is where this work takes its bearing from to address the challenges of human violations where life and property are not given their right place. In Nigeria for instance, we see the tussle between the government, multinational companies and individuals, where individual properties are being destroyed by the government and multinationals without due consultation and compensation thereby dehumanising humanity. Against the backdrop of the negation and violation of the right to private property, Locke who is considered to be the philosopher of private property holds that the right to private property is natural and just and anyone who mixes his/her labour with nature deserves the right to ownership of private property. It is the utmost desire and sure hope of this work that it shall go a long way to bring into the subconscious of our whole society, the relevance of the right to private property, the maintenance of life and the importance of self-development resulting to re-humanising. The method of this research work is therefore expository, analytical and descriptive.

Communication Strategies And Employee Productivity

Igbokwe Philomena Ify — 2024-07-13

Effective communication strategies play a pivotal role in fostering a productive work environment. This paper explores the correlation between communication strategies and employee performance within organisations. By analyzing various communication techniques such as open-door policies, regular team meetings, and digital platforms, this paper looks at how these strategies influence employee engagement, collaboration, and overall productivity. Furthermore, it examines the role of leadership in promoting transparent communication channels and fostering a culture of trust and feedback. Through a review of relevant literature and case studies, this paper highlights the significance of tailored communication approaches in optimizing workplace productivity. The findings suggest that organisations that prioritize clear, timely, and inclusive communication experience higher levels of employee satisfaction, motivation, and performance. Ultimately, this paper underscores the importance of implementing effective communication strategies as a fundamental pillar in enhancing workplace productivity and organisational success.

Covid-19 Vaccine: A Qualitative Study On Perception And Acceptability Among Staff Of The University Of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.

Nkpoyen Festus — 2024-07-13

The study assessed the perception and acceptability of COVID-19 vaccine among staff of the University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria. The COVID-19 pandemic has been reported in all countries of the world with 703,850,963 cases and 7,003,395 deaths and significant adverse health and socio-economic consequences. This qualitative study used seven Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), two Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and one In-depth Interview (IDI). The study was conducted among both the teaching and non-teaching staff of the University of Calabar. Positive and negative perceptions of the vaccine were recorded. Religion exerted both negative and positive effect on perception and acceptability. Alleged intimidation by the government, other employers of labour and school authorities also affected acceptability. Other barriers to the uptake of the vaccine included: fear of contacting the virus while accessing vaccination, health system barriers such as misinformation from healthcare providers, out-of-stock syndrome, corrupt practices of healthcare providers who would issue the vaccination card to someone who had not actually been vaccinated, distrust in government; also, culture and myths and misconceptions. The findings may provide information for the government, Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) and other stakeholders to promote knowledge and positive perceptions through behaviour change communication regarding COVID-19 vaccine. Attitudinal orientation and reorientation of healthcare providers could address some of the health system barriers associated with poor perception and low acceptability of the vaccine.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT of funding source: The funding for this research was provided by the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETfund) under its Institution Based Research (IBR) Fund.

Democracy And Electoral Integrity In The Nigerian 2023 General Elections: An Assessment

Gabriel T Abumbe — 2024-07-13

This paper examines some of the most profoundly complex factors that influenced the 2023 general election process and its outcome in Nigeria. Methodologically structured in qualitative method, it drew its data from secondary sources; textbooks, journals, internet, official INEC website and from over 26 Nigerian daily Newspapers. These were contently analyzed within the context of the subject matter under consideration. Findings reveal that despite the optimism generated by INEC’s improved electoral technologies; Bi-modal Voting Accreditation System(BVAS) and INEC’s Results Viewing Portal(IREV) which aimed at guaranteeing the transparency of electoral results, the 2023 general elections was held amid difficult environment characterized by wide spread insecurity and uncertain governmental policies, operational and logistics challenges, malfunctioning electoral technologies, violence and intimidation, electoral fraud, lack of transparency in communication and collation of results, inadequate infrastructure among others. From these findings the paper recommended the imperatives of strengthening the institution of INEC by making it truly independent and in this way, it can guarantee a fraud-free election which will be a reflection of the will of Nigerians. This will bolster democracy and foster a more stable future elections in the country.

Ideologies Of Government: An Introduction

Ugumanim Bassey Obo — 2024-07-13

This paper examines the ideologies of government. Descriptive in nature, this essay highlights the importance and relevance of an ideology in the life of an individual or country, and x-rays some of the ideological outfits which have been developed to guide different modes of social organization. The essay contends that a leadership that is guided by a well-articulated and people – friendly ideology would certainly regard the promotion of the welfare of the masses and the transformation of the society as its major priorities. The interests of the people and the development of the society tend to be neglected when the rulers subscribe to self-serving and predatory ideological worldviews.

Innovativeness Of Small And Medium-Scale Firms In Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria: The Role Of Financing Choices

Felix Awara Eke — 2024-07-13

Financing choices of firms are conscious decisions that are made concerning how it finances its activities which can either be beneficial or detrimental to firms’ outcomes. Specifically, this study aimed at finding out the impact of financing choices (internal, external and debt-equity financing) on innovation of firms in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria using logit regression model. The study used primary survey data collected from Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Calabar, Cross River State in a survey conducted between December 2021 and January, 2022. A non-probability sampling technique was adopted in selecting firms included in the study. The survey was conducted face-to-face using a questionnaire and data was collected from 142 MSMEs covering sectors such as trade, manufacturing, services, agriculture, education, and health. However, data from 134 eligible firms with complete information was coded and analysed. The study specified and estimated three equations on the effect of financing choices on innovation. It was discovered that internal and external financing had insignificant effect on product and process innovation, while internal financing had a negative and significant effect on innovation proxied by expenditure on research and development (R&D). The study recommends increased diversified investment portfolio for small and medium-scale enterprises as this has been found to increase the propensity of these firms to innovate especially in research and development.

Hamas-Israel Conflicts In Gaza And Its Implications For Middle East Stability

Gabriel T Abumbe — 2024-07-13

The Middle East has been marked by significant volatility since the post-World War II era, witnessing over ten wars between the Arabs and Israelis alone from 1948 to 2023. Thus, this study focuses on the Hamas-Israel conflict in Gaza and its implications for Middle East stability. The study is methodologically structured in qualitative method whereby data are drawn from secondary sources. Several major conflicts, including Operation Cast Lead (2008), Southern Israel Cross-Border Attacks (August 2011), Operation Return Echo (March 2012), Operation Pillar of Defence (November 2012), and Operation “Swords of Iron” (2023), are used as case studies in this work due to their strategic significance and decisive impacts on the affected nations and the broader Middle East region. This study argues that the unfolding wars involving Hamas and Israel have profound repercussions across the region, particularly for Egypt and Jordan, which have historically been key peacemakers with Israel. Furthermore, the humanitarian crisis and Israeli military actions have raised concerns about mass displacement, further straining Israel’s relations with other Arab countries and even in Europe, where the Palestinian issue resonates deeply. Lastly, this short war has exacerbated the already fragile state of peace in the Middle East.

Economic Community Of West African States (Ecowas) And Peacebuilding Initiatives In Mali And Burkina Faso

Owa Egbara Owa — 2024-07-13

This study investigates the role of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in peacebuilding efforts in Mali and Burkina Faso. Through a comprehensive analysis, it examines ECOWAS's effectiveness in peacebuilding, specific outcomes in Mali and Burkina Faso, challenges faced, and cooperation with other stakeholders. Findings reveal ECOWAS's significant contributions to conflict mediation, peacekeeping, and humanitarian aid in Mali, leading to security stabilization and dialogue facilitation. Similarly, in Burkina Faso, ECOWAS's focus on capacity building and conflict prevention initiatives positively impacted stability. Challenges include internal dissent, external pressures, and funding shortages. However, ECOWAS demonstrates a commitment to regional cooperation and engagement with stakeholders. Recommendations to enhance ECOWAS's peacebuilding effectiveness include prioritizing internal cohesion, proactive diplomacy, resource mobilization, and conflict prevention strategies. Implementation of these recommendations can strengthen ECOWAS's role in promoting sustainable peace and stability in West Africa