Author Guidelines
Main Format
First page of the manuscripts must be properly identified by the title and the name(s) of the author(s). It should be typed in Times New Roman (font sizes: 12pt in capitalization for the title and the main text, one and half spaced, in A4 format with 2cm margins. All pages and lines of the main text should be numbered consecutively throughout the manuscript. The manuscript must be saved in a .doc format, (not .docx files). Abbreviations in the article title are not allowed except the well-known ones.
Manuscripts should be arranged in the following order:
TITLE (brief, attractive and targeted);
Name(s) and Affiliation(s) of author(s) and corresponding e-mail;
ABSTRACT;
Key words (separate by semicolons; or comma,);
INTRODUCTION;
MATERIALS AND METHODS;
RESULTS and DISCUSSION (combined)
CONCLUSION;
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (if there are any);
REFERENCES;
Article Sections Format
TITLE
Title should be a brief phrase describing the contents of the paper. The Title Page should include the author(s)'s full names and affiliations, the name of the corresponding author along with phone and e-mail information.
ABSTRACT
Abstract should be informative and completely self-explanatory, briefly present the topic, state the scope of the experiments, indicate significant data, and point out major finding and conclusions. The abstract should be 150 to 300 words in length. Complete sentences, active verbs, and the third person should be used, and the abstract should be written in the past tense. Standard nomenclature should be used and abbreviations should be avoided. No literature should be cited.
KEYWORDS
Following the abstract, about 3 to 10 key words that will provide indexing references should be listed.
INTRODUCTION
Introduction should provide a clear statement of the problem, the relevant literature on the subject, and the proposed approach or solution. It should be understandable to colleagues from a broad range of scientific disciplines.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials and Methods should be complete enough to allow experiments to be reproduced. However, only truly new procedures should be described in detail; previously published procedures should be cited, and important modifications of published procedures should be mentioned briefly. Capitalize trade names and include the manufacturer's name and address. Subheadings should be used. Methods in general use need not be described in detail.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Results should be presented with clarity and precision. The results should be written in the past tense when describing findings in the author(s)'s experiments. Previously published findings should be written in the present tense. Results should be explained, but largely without referring to the literature. Discussion should interpret the findings in view of the results obtained in this and in past studies on this topic. State the conclusions in a few sentences at the end of the paper. The Results and Discussion sections can include subheadings, and must be combined.
Conclusion can be presented jointly if preferred. Acknowledgments of persons, grants, funds, etc. should be brief.
TABLES AND FIGURES FORMAT
Tables should be kept to a minimum and be designed to be as simple as possible. Tables are to be typed single-spaced throughout, including headings and footnotes. Each table should be on a separate page, numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals and supplied with a heading. Tables should be self-explanatory without reference to the text. The same data should not be presented in both table and graph forms or repeated in the text. Figure legends should be typed in numerical order on a separate sheet. Graphics should be prepared using applications capable of generating high resolution GIF, TIFF, JPEG or PowerPoint before pasting in the Microsoft Word manuscript file. Use Arabic numerals to designate figures and upper case letters for their parts (Figure 1). Begin each legend with a title and include sufficient description so that the figure is understandable without reading the text of the manuscript. Information given in legends should not be repeated in the text.
REFERENCES
All references to publications made in the text should be presented in a list with their full bibliographical description. In the text, a reference identified by means of an author‘s name should be followed by the date of the reference in parentheses. When there are more than two authors, only the first author‘s surname should be mentioned, followed by ’et al‘. In the event that an author cited has had two or more works published during the same year, the reference, both in the text and in the reference list, should be identified by a lower case letter like ’a‘ and ’b‘ after the date to distinguish the works.
1. References in the text should be arranged chronologically (e.g. Hagan, 2016; Apori and Hagan, 2016 and Odoi et al., 2016). The list of references should be arranged alphabetically on author's surnames, and chronologically per author. If an author's name in the list is also mentioned with co-authors, the following order should be used: Publications of the single author, arranged according to publication dates - publications of the same author with one co-author - publications of the author with more than one co-author. Publications by the same author(s) in the same year should
be listed as 1992a, l992b,etc.
2. Names of authors and title of journals, published in non-latin alphabets should be transliterated in English.
3. A sample of standard reference is: Hagan, J.K., Apori, S.O. and Odoi, F.N.A. (2013). Reproductive performance of rabbit breeds in Ghana. Ghanaian Journal of Animal Science. Volume (1) 3: 40-46
4. Both full or abbreviated journal title types are acceptable in references.
- Examples (in the text): Abayomi (2016), Teye et al. (2010), (Oluyemi, 1983), (Teye and Hagan, 2012), (Kumasi et al., 2010).
Examples (at References section):
a) For journal:
Hagan. J.K. (2000). Effect of heat-tolerant genes on the egg production performance of layers. Journal of Animal Breeding, 83: 1635-1647.
Chikere, C.B., Omoni, V.T. and Chikere, B.O. (2008). Distribution of potential nosocomial pathogens in a hospital environment. African Journal of Biotechnology. 7: 3535-3539.
b) For books: AOAC (1990). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th Edition. Washington D.C. pp. 69-88.
Pelczar, J.R., Harley, J.P., Klein, D.A. (2003). Microbiology: Concepts and Applications. McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, pp. 591-603.
Copyright Notice
All opinions and articles published in the journal reflect the views of the authors and not necessarily those of the Journal. Submission of a paper implies that it has not been submitted or published elsewhere, and that the authors accept the conditions for publication outlined in the journal. Once accepted for publication, authors transfer copyright of their articles to GSAP unless expressly exempted in writing by the copyright holders. Those wishing to use illustrations or data from the journal in other publications should obtain permission from the publisher, and include a line acknowledging the journal as the source of material.
