The pattern of mandibular resections in a Nigerian tertiary hospital: a 10-year experience

Abstract

Background : Previous reports have shown that conservative resection is mostly performed in developed countries, where patients report early for treatment, unlike in developing countries.
Aim : To describe the pattern of surgical resections of the mandible at a tertiary health facility in Southern Nigeria.
Materials and Methods : A retrospective study was designed to study the pattern and document the patients that had surgical resections of the mandible from January 2005 to July 2020 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Collected data were age, gender, level of education, place of residence, occupation, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption. Other data collected were the type of lesions, type of resections performed, type of reconstruction, and treatment complications. Crosstabulations were performed with Pearson's chi-square test. All statistics were performed with SPSS version 21(IBM corps, Armonk, New York, US). A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results : The data of 189 patients were collected. The age range was 15-70 years, with a mean age and standard deviation of 44.7±14.9 years. More males (63.5%) than females (36.5%). Disarticulation prevalence, segmental and marginal resections were 64.0%, 27.5%, and 8.50%, respectively. One hundred and seventy-six cases (79.4%) had no complications, 8(4.20%) had wound dehiscence, 2(1.00%) with surgical site infection, and plate exposure in 3(1.60%) cases.
Conclusion : The prevalence of mandibular resection was high, with the vast majority being disarticulation resection. Disarticulation resection was significantly common among alcoholics and patients that had odontogenic keratocyst.