The relevance of Nyerere’s African socialism today: Humanness (Utu) as a means for bringing about good governance

Abstract

This study examines the lasting relevance of Nyerere's African socialism, focusing on "Utu" (humanness) as a transformative ideal in governance. While acknowledging critiques, it argues that Nyerere’s ideology holds intrinsic value beyond its methods. Emphasizing "Utu" as essential for gender equality, rule of law, and accountability—rooted in Bantu traditions—the paper presents it as a foundation for a just society. It also critiques the limited success of 1980s neoliberal reforms in Africa, suggesting a need to revisit Nyerere’s values to address contemporary governance challenges, including widespread corruption.