Avian Species Assemblage in Three Tertiary Campuses Mirrors Species Composition in a Semi-Protected Forest in Gombe State-Nigeria

Abstract

Marginal habitat alteration can benefit some bird species, but extensive modification negatively impacts species diversity and abundance by altering vegetation structure and composition. We surveyed three tertiary institutions with varying land modifications in Gombe State to compare bird species composition and abundance with a semi-protected, degraded natural landscape. sing line transect census, we surveyed morning and evening transects, recording 9,624 individuals of 100 bird species from 42 families and 73 genera. Kanawa Forest Reserve had the highest species richness (76), followed by FCET (67), FUK (59), and GSU (50), with Kanawa Forest Reserve having 22 exclusive species. However, species composition did not significantly differ among sites. Bird species abundance varied across species and study sites, with the Laughing Dove (Streptopelia senegalensis) being the most abundant species (651 individuals at GSU). Other notable species included the Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) at FCE (T) with 571 individuals, the Purple Glossy Starling (Lamprotornis purpureus) at FUK with 303 individuals, and the Northern Grey Headed Sparrow (Passer griseus) at KFR with 244 individuals. Each campus hosts a unique assemblage of bird species, contributing significantly to overall avian diversity in Gombe State. We recommend minimizing alterations, particularly in remaining woodlands, and establishing additional green areas to promote heterogeneity in modified landscapes. This approach will enhance campus capacity to support diverse bird species, especially those with specific habitat requirements.