Diversifying Aggregate Sources in Northern Nigeria: A Review of Alternative Materials

Abstract

The demand for aggregates in concrete production is high, especially in developing countries, but their supply faces challenges. This has led to the exploration of alternative materials to replace naturally occurring aggregates. While traditionally, natural sources have been the primary supplier, concerns about environmental impacts have prompted the consideration of recycled aggregates and other secondary materials. However, the adoption of these alternatives remains limited. This research aims to assess the awareness and barriers to the adoption of alternative materials. It utilized quantitative methodology, collecting data from previous studies on potential alternatives at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Additionally, a survey using structured questionnaires was conducted among 25 contractors registered with the Gombe State Ministry of Works, Housing, and Urban Development. The study identified 36 research studies on alternative materials. Several materials were found to have the potential to replace natural aggregates, including palm kernel shell, crumb rubber, glass cullet, plastic waste, burnt bricks, broken tiles, polystyrene, charcoal, recycled aggregate, sawdust, and date seeds. The findings revealed that a majority of the contractors (70%) were aware of these alternative materials, but they had not yet incorporated them into their projects. The low adoption was attributed to factors such as project complexity, limited knowledge about the materials, and client requirements. In conclusion, this research recommends the implementation of awareness campaigns to educate contractors and clients about the availability and potential benefits of alternative aggregate materials in construction. By addressing these barriers and increasing awareness, the construction industry can embrace alternative materials, contributing to more sustainable practices.