Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in three districts of Ilu Ababor Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Abstract

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony (Mmm SC), which causes significant economic loss in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study using systematic random sampling technique was conducted in Bacho, Bure, and Dorani districts of Ilu Ababor Zone to estimate seroprevalence and identify associated risk factors of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in apparently healthy cattle with no history of CBPP vaccination. Thus a total of 371 blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each cattle and tested using competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA) to detect specific antibodies to Mmm SC. Data on potential risk factors for the occurrence of CBPP were collected using a questionnaire survey. Data obtained from both serological and questionnaire surveys were analyzed with SPSS version 20 software. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association of the exposure variables with Mmm SC serostatus, and the strength of the association was assessed using the odds ratio. The overall animal and herd-level seroprevalence of CBPP was 9.7% and 30.7%, respectively. The seroprevalence of CBPP in the Bacho, Bure, and Dorani districts was 0%, 10.8%, and 33.3%, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between Mmm SC antibody and district, age, and body condition score (p <0.03) at the individual animal-level. At the herd-level herd size was significantly associated (p <0.00) with Mmm SC antibody. This study indicated that CBPP was prevalent in the Dorani and Bure districts. So, methods should be devised to control the disease in the districts and prevent its spread, because CBPP is a contagious disease.