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A systematic literature review on determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance globally
Abstract
Background: More than dozens of vaccines have been approved by World Health Organization (WHO) against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Determinants of vaccine acceptance are significant for the success of mass vaccination and to minimize the spread of the disease. However, there is no comprehensive evidence on the determinants of vaccine acceptance globally. The aim of this review was to provide an up-to-date evidence on determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance globally.
Methods: This systematic review was performed based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) standards. All published and unpublished search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar and Google on October 30, 2021. Studies that were published in peer-reviewed journals, explicitly describing the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in various global settings, and studies published in English language were included. Three reviewers independently assessed search results, extracted data, assessed the quality of articles included. Narrative review was undertaken to summarize and report the evidences.
Results: A total of Sixty-five studies from 24 countries met the inclusion criteria. According to the findings of this systematic study, a number of variables influenced how well the COVID-19 immunization was received by different communities around the world. This systematic review showed that vaccine acceptance varies among countries. The percentage of vaccine acceptance ranges from 21% in Egypt to 97% in Ecuador. The main factors influencing vaccination acceptability were divided into three categories. The first theme is knowledge, attitude, and perception as behavioral determinants. The second theme is socio-demographic factors: residency, educational attainment, and population age. The third theme is communication related factors: media exposure and information source.
Conclusion: Strategies for improving vaccine uptake and mass vaccination should focuses on improving COVID-19 vaccine health education that will improve the knowledge and awareness of the population towards the vaccine. Comprehensive health education, vaccine promotion, training and awareness creation packages have to be done using various mass media outlets to reach large segment of the population.
