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Association between angiotensinogen M235T gene polymorphism and risk of hypertension: A case control study among Ethiopian patients
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem in both developing and developed nations because it is highly prevalent and is associated with complications. Numerous environmental and genetic variables are linked to the occurrence of the disease. It may be influenced by the renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system, which preserves bodily homeostasis. The angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphisms that has an effect on the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are related to the high hypertension risk. The aim of this study was to find out the association between angiotensinogen M235T gene polymorphism and the risk of developing hypertension.
Methods: A total of 306 samples - 153 patients with hypertension and 153 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Clinical and biochemical variables were measured to assess the associated risk factors. Blood samples from the patients and matched controls were used to isolate deoxyribonucleic acid. The AGT M235T genotypes were identified using polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was employed to assess the risk correlations of AGT gene M235T polymorphisms with hypertension.
Results: Our analysis showed that the AGT-TT genotype (odds ratio [OR] = 3.11, 95% CL = 1.67–5.79, P< 0.001) and T allele (OR = 2.18, 95% CL = 1.56–3.04, P< 0.001) are considerably higher in hypertensive patients than in healthy controls. Our study also identified the clinical risk factors for hypertension, such as, total cholesterol, triglycerol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, which were significantly higher in patients compared to controls (P< 0.001).
Conclusion: The AGT M235T genes of the TT genotype and the T allele are associated with an increased risk of hypertension among the Ethiopian patients. A population-based epidemiological study is needed corroborate the association between AGT and HTN
