Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute

Effect of rearing method and mating time on honeybee queen performance

M. Elbana Amal — 2024-11-19

The study examined the characteristics of queen bees raised using the Dolittle method and natural queen cells. The average of number sealed brood cells in the first and second years reached in the grafted queen rearing and mated in the spring season during the four seasons (Spring 1st, Summer, Autumn, Winter, and Spring 2nd), during 2021 and 2022 year was 2888.6, 3199.5, 1721.5, 1077.2 and 2521.3 cells, and either in naturally reared queen was 2179.7, 2616.8, 1573.8, 903.3, and 2146.8 cells respectively. Also, queen rearing and mating in the autumn season (Autumn, Winter, and Spring 2nd). The average of number sealed cells reached in the first and second years by grafted was 1309.8, 735.7, and 1214.8 cells Consecutively, and either in naturally reared queen was 1125.9, 716.6 and 1122.1 cells. The average body weight (mg) of virgin queens reared by grafted queens in the spring and autumn seasons was 202.9, and 194.2 mg, respectively, and in the emergence (naturally) method it was 190.1, and 175.9 mg, respectively.

Lethal dose and time-response of some biocides affected by gamma ray for Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) controlling in maize fields

A.M. Amer Reda — 2024-11-19

Maize (Zea mays) field trial was done at El-Ayat district, Giza governorate to evaluate some biocide compounds (Bacillus thuringiensis (Kurs.), Emamectin benzoate and Spinosad) exposed or non-exposed to gamma ray doses (120 and 480 Gy) to potentiate its lethality for fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) controlling purposes. Concentrations (1/2, 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16) of the recommended doses of biocides used in current maize field trials. The evaluation parameters of lethal doses efficacy and time- response for S. frugiperda controlling were used. Spinosad treatments were considered the best dose lethality for S. frugiperda controlling, followed by Emamectin benzoate and finally B. thuringiensis treatments. Meanwhile, Emamectin benzoate treatments gave the least time-response lethality than other treatments aforementioned. Gamma ray dose of 480 Gy, followed by 120 Gy can potentiate the biocide compounds of B. thuringiensis, Emamectin benzoate and Spinosad to become lethality more than the same compounds without exposing to gamma doses and saving the dose and the time-response for controlling S. frugiperda in maize plants.

Effect of feeding with different proteinaceous diets on some physiological parameter of honeybee workers , Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera :Apidae)

H. Ahmed Zeinab — 2024-11-19

The effect of nutrition value of different diets on mortality, head weight and absorbed protein in gut of caged honeybee workers, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera :Apidae) were studied. The experiment was carried out by used five bee bread (Broad bean, clover, cucumber, fennel, and maize), artificial diet, artificial diet plus syrup with ascorbic acid to fed newly emerged honeybee workers against control (Fed sugar solution only) under laboratory conditions. Head weight was increased gradually to reach maximum value at nine days then decreased gradually and again increased slightly at 18 and 21 days for all tested groups. The head weight was recorded in bees fed with broad bean and Egyptian clover bee bread 9.625 and 9.489 mg/bee, respectively significantly difference in comparison to control bees (8.100 mg/bee) at nine days. In this study we determined 75 % of cumulative mortality rates for all tested groups. At 39 days of experiment beginning for all treatments data were statically analysis. The lowest mortality rate recorded in clover, bean, cucumber, diet and diet plus ascorbic acid were 51.5, 51.75, 53.5, 51.25 and 52.25 % respectively in comparison to control bee mortality rate 75 % was recorded at 39 days of experiment beginning. Maize bee bread and artificial diet were the lowest percentage of absorbed protein in gut.

Host plant-induced susceptibility of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) to three acaricides with different mode of action

H.H. EL-Kasser El-Sayeda — 2024-11-19

The relationship between host plant adaptation and acaricide resistance of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) were studied through three laboratory experiments, a non-choice test to evaluate the performance, a choice test to measure the preference of T. urticae females to different host plants (Squash, cucumber and kidney bean ); and a bioassay of three reduced risk acaricides with different mode of action (Abamectin, fenpyroximate and clofentezine) against T. urticae females. Mean fecundity in the non-choice test was higher on kidney bean than on the other host plants. Survival of 5-day-old females was independent of the host plant. The percentage of females that laid at least one egg did not depend on the host plant. In the choice test, hostplant preference was independent of the host plant. The oviposition was dependent on the host plant, and a significant difference was found. Abamectin showed the highest toxicity against T. urticae, LC₅₀ values were 0.02, 0.031 and 0.06 mg /l on squash, cucumber, and kidney bean after 72 h. respectively, which was followed by fenpyroximate, LC₅₀ values recorded 1.69, 1.75 and 3.35 mg /l on cucumber and kidney bean and squash, respectively. While clofentezine the lowest toxicity, LC₅₀ values were 6.19, 8.34 and 14.26 mg /l on kidney bean, cucumber, and squash, respectively. Results proved the necessity of considering the host plant when studying the efficiency of the pesticides.

Biological activates and effect of some treatments on the infestation with wooden furniture beetle Lyctus brunneus (Coleoptera: Lyctidae) in Egypt

M.A. Batt — 2024-11-19

Powder post beetle, Lyctus brunneus Stephens (Coleoptera: Lyctidae) attacks the sapwood of certain hardwoods, either raw or working wood, of many wooden hosts, under suitable conditions of infestation causing destructive and reducing the infested wood to fine powder .The means of different oviposition periods were 2.4, 10.6 and 2.8 days for pre-oviposition, oviposition, and post-oviposition periods, respectively. The mean number of laid eggs/ females was about 21.4 eggs, the mean incubation period was 14.4 days. The larval stage duration ranged from 142 to 208 days according to different factors which govern brood growth (Such as the size of wood pores, starch and moisture contents, temperature, and relative humidity). The duration of the pupal stage ranged from 11-29 days, while the adult longevity ranged 10-22 days. The total life cycle of L. brunneus beetle rearing on an artificial diet varied from 170 to 280 days under laboratory conditions, ranging from 18-34 °C and 59-76% RH. The total duration for means of the different developmental stages was 218.5 days (About 7.28 months). The results showed a highly significant correlation between both starch and moisture contents and each number of emerged beetles and adult longevity on different wood species. The surface treatment of wood with Polyurethane Varnish, Nitrocellulose Sealer, Nitrocellulose Sealer and Alkyd Varnish, Saniton, Saniton and Wood putty, Oil paint (lacquer), and insecticide gave protection to intact wood from infestation, while these materials no prevent the beetle’s emergence from infested wood except the insecticide with kerosene.

Efficiency of lanthanum nitrate La (NO3)3 on the physiological processes of tomato leaf miners Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) infesting tomato plants

I. El-Kholy Ayat — 2024-11-19

A current study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the earth element lanthanum (La) in a form Lanthanum nitrate La (NO3)3 on controlling the serious pest Tomato leaf miners Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) infesting tomato plants through its effectiveness on the physiological processes of T. absoluta. Experiments were carried out at two different zones (Governorates); Dokki zone (Giza Governorate) and Tokh zone (Qaliobya Governorate) during season 2022 under plastic greenhouses. Experiments were conducted on tomato plants Lycopersicon esculentum (var. Lopena) (Spring planting). Data obtained showed that tomato seedlings which were treated with low concentration of lanthanum nitrate La (NO3)3 (1ppm) had lower infestation by the successive insect T. absoluta compared to control. While tomato seedlings which are treated with a high concentration of lanthanum nitrate La (NO3)3 (5ppm) had higher infestation by the successive insect T. absoluta compared to the control. Laboratory analysis which was conducted on T. absoluta insects (Larvae) indicated to the effectiveness of La (NO3)3 on the physiological processes of T. absoluta especially the important enzymes secreting by that insect; (Alpha Esterase, Beta Esterase, Lipase Enzyme, Kinase Enzyme, Chitinase Enzyme, Phosphatase Enzyme, Oxidation Enzymes and Digestive Enzymes). And indicated also that the low concentration of La (NO3)3 had a negative effect on these enzymes and on the other hand the high concentration of La (NO3)3 had a positive effect on these enzymes. Statistical analyses showed that there were highly significant differences between the effectiveness of La (NO3)3 on the physiological processes of T. absoluta compared to the control.

Genetic variation and sterility percentages in adults of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) produced from gamma irradiated pupae

M. Sayed — 2024-11-19

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the molecular variation in adults of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) irradiated with doses 20, 40, 60 and 80 Gy as full-grown pupae. Results from RAPD-PCR showed that DNA fragments in the irradiated adults as pupae and unirradiated adults under investigation died. In the present study, six primers of uniformed sequences were used to identify the genomic DNA of S. frugiperda. The weight of fragments varied from 185 bp to 1480 bp when compared with unirradiated adults. In the study, irradiated adults were contrasted to unirradiated ones to explore any potential variation to the DNA structure that may be induced by gamma radiation implementation. The data revealed polymorphic, monomorphic and unique fragments in the fingerprints generated in the adults resulting from gamma irradiated pupae when compared with the unirradiated adults. Additionally, the highest number of amplified fragments was 28 generated from the two primers, OP-C15 and OP-D1; whereas the lowest number of amplified bands was 16 generated from primer OP-B3 in gamma irradiated adults. Primer OP-C9 showed the lowest value of similarity index 0.28 between unirradiated adults and irradiated adults as pupae with 80 Gy which reflects the highest degree of alteration in DNA sequence and arrangement. Gamma irradiation of the parent generation induced different sterility levels in the offspring, females were more radiosensitive than males. These results are encouraging and indicate that inherited sterility might be used for control of this pest. Large field experiments should be implemented to confirm the laboratory findings.

Molluscicidal efficacy of ethanol extracts of cumin, moringa and golden shower against glassy clover land snail, Monacha Cartusiana (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae) under laboratory conditions

Farghal Elkady Elham — 2024-11-19

The molluscicidal effects of three ethanolic crude extracts, cumin (Cuminum cyminum), golden shower (Cassia fistula) and moringa (Moringa oleifera) were evaluated against Monacha cartisiana (O.F.Müller) (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae) land snail under laboratory conditions. Three methods of bioassay were used, i.e. contact, leafdipping and bait techniques. The results indicated that the ethanol crude extract of cumin was the most toxic extract for the M. cartisiana land snail followed by moringa extracts while golden shower extract had the lowest effect. Results showed that the contact technique of the tested plant extracts was the most effective method of application. The LC₅₀ values of cumin, moringa and golden shower extracts when applied as contact were 235.9, 266.0 and 292.8 ppm, respectively. The plant constituents present in the three extracts that may be responsible for their molluscicidal activity are sterols and triterpenes, alkaloids, carbohydrates and glycosides, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and flavonoids.

Time of spraying effects on insecticidal activity and droplet distribution of certain insecticides controlling Hetracris annulosa and Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) on Zea mays

S.M. Saeed — 2024-11-19

Field experiments were carried out in an area of about 10 feddans planted with zea mays during season of 2023 on 18th July at Bashiar Elkhaier farm, El-Farafra Oasis, New Valley Governorate. The selected area was split into 10 plots including control plot. Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid, Deltamthrin, Alpha-Cypermethrin Acetamiprid, Spinosad, Lambda-Cyhalothrin, Chlorfenapyr, and Emamectin benzoate were sprayed with recommended rate and one treatment left without spraying as un treated check by using Motorized Knapsack sprayer (Solo) (52.5 L./Fed.) at 7am and 6 pm. Data indicated that, all tested compounds induce a significant negative influence on Hetracris annulosa Walker and Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Fairmaire and Reiche) )Orthoptera : Acrididae( nymphs survival. The most effective compounds are Alpha-Cypermethrin, Deltamthrin E.C. Lambda-Cyhalothrin and Spinosad followed by other compounds at both times of spraying 7 am and 6 pm; where there was no significant difference between the biological efficiency between two times spraying. It could be recommended to use these compounds with LV spraying equipment with a Motorized Knapsack sprayer (Solo) (52.5 L./Fed.). The data showed that spraying at 7 am was a more excellent time than 6 pm for better droplet coverage, distribution, increasing number of droplets per square centimeter and decreasing Volume Mean Diameter these may be due to lower temperature and lower Relative Humidity %. The rate of performance of a Motorized Knapsack sprayer (Solo) was 15.2 Fed./day.

Biological impact of insect growth regulators (IGRs) on the development of the oribatid mite Scheloribates laevigatus (Acari: Oribatida: Scheloribatidae) in the laboratory

M. Farid Heba — 2024-11-19

The biological impact of insect growth regulators (IGRs) pesticides on ecologically important soil oribatid mites' fauna was evaluated using life history parameters in Scheloribates laevigatus (Koch) (Acari : Oribatida: Scheloribatidae) , under microcosm conditions. Four novel IGR pesticides namely, Easo 30% WG (Indoxacarb), Kafrozed 5% EC (Chlorfluazuron), Alsystin 48% SC (Triflumuron) and Klegron 10% EC (Flufenoxuron) were tested. Laboratory fresh adults were reared on plaster of Paris (9:1) supplied with fungal food treated with agricultural doses of tested IGR pesticides. There was negligible mortality of individuals in control vessels 3.23%, Klegron 10% EC caused the highest mortality of 35.16 %, and significantly decreased the longevity of adults to 17.26. The growth rate of S. laevigatus decreased in IGRs reared vessels with moderate influence of Kafrozed 5% EC and Alsystin 48% SC, while a significantly toxic effect of Klegron 10% EC on all instars was recorded (P<0.05). Furthermore, fecundity declined to 1.8 /day in Easo 30% WG and 1.1 in Klegron 10% EC than the control vessels. Chitin formation in adults was decreased and the hard brown exoskeleton looks pale in all reared vessels treated with IGR pesticides.

Chemical analysis of propolis from different regions of Egypt

Nada Y. Abdel-Aziz — 2024-11-19

Propolis samples were extracted from beehives using sharp knife the conventional method in the apiaries located in the Governorates of Sohag, Beheira, Qalubia, Ismailia, and Zagazig. Additionally, two varieties of bee propolis were collected using traps in this investigation as follows: Hand-cut fiber screens with circular holes in a diameter of 1 mm., Fiber mesh sheets (45*35 cm) were put onto the top bar of the combs. Hand - cut polypropylene plastic screens with round holes in diameter of 2mm. Plastic mesh sheets (45*35 cm) were set onto the top bar of the combs inside the honeybee hive presented. Eighty percent methanol was used to extract the samples. Bee propolis was analyzed using LC-MS spectral database, displayed the composition scrape that follows for each Governorate Sohag: ester or ether of tamarixetin - syringic, caffeic-hexose-tartaric, caffeic-quinic acids, gallic-vanillin and acetyl gallate. In Beheira: quinic-hexose, ferulic- hexose, synapticpentose or apigenin or one of its isomer malonate, apigenin and vanillic acid. In Qalubia: myricetin, coumaric-hexose- malonate, ferulic-hexose, synaptic pentose or apigenin or one of its isomer malonate. In Ismailia: ferulic-hexose, synaptic-pentose or apigenin or one of its isomer malonate. In Zagazig: Cyanidin, pelargonidin or apigeninidin with benzoic, hydroxyl benzoic. Based on the results of analysis the biological effect of each separated component has been studied.

Densities of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the presence of the salticid spider Plexippus paykulli (Araneae: Salticidae)

R. Aly Taha Ahmed — 2024-11-19

Despite the many field applications that have been conducted for controlling pests of stored products; using biological control agents, the matter has not reached a sufficient extent to introduce these techniques into Integrated Pest Management (IPM). This laboratory study came as an initial measurement of the possibility of benefiting from spiders in combating the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae); The prey was chosen Based on its exploitable behavior that facilitates predation on stored materials, results under long-term laboratory conditions - 35 °C and the relative humidity on 75 RH. were successful in reducing pest density; recording 86.3% reduction percentages of the red flour beetle larvae and 77.7% for the adult stages; the salticid spider Plexippus paykulli (Audouin) (Araneae: Salticidae) does not attack the adult individuals; was not recorded in current study; however, the reduction rates were a direct outcome of the fluctuations in the number of larvae when the predator was present.

Survey of order Coleoptera attracted to light traps in Alexandria Governorate with two species newly recorded to Egyptian fauna

A.F. El-Shewy Dalia — 2024-11-19

A survey of coleopterous insects was conducted at Alexandria Governorate (Burg Al-Arab and Al-Amria districts) during two successive years from April 2018 to March 2020 using Robinson light traps set up at Alexandria in Burg Al-Arab (Burg Al-Arab regions) and Al-Amria (Rahim and Gurisat regions). The collected individuals were separated, listed, and identified under their related families, genera, and species (25 families and 76 species). Psyllobora renifer Cas. (Family: Coccinellidae) and Digonums irroratus Kiesen (Family: Ptinidae) are newly recorded to the Egyptian fauna and collected for the first time from our fauna.

Efficacy of resistant varieties and the parasitoid Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera:Aphidiidae) in integrated pest management (IPM) to Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Egyptian sugar beet fields

A. Abdou Ekram — 2024-11-19

This work was undertaken at the experimental farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station during 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 seasons. For investigating the role of resistant varieties and Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera:Aphidiidae) parasitoid in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in sugar beet fields. Results indicate that significant difference among the three varieties (LP17B4011, FD18B4018 and FD17B4010) in the numbers of aphid populations and infested plants with this aphid throughout the two seasons LP17B4011 variety more resistant than FD18B4011 and FD17B4010 ones. Mean ±SE (Mean number of aphids and infested plants) were 0.807±0.01 and 0.471± 0.0 to LP17B4011 and 1.425± 0.02 and 0.614± 0.03 to FD 18B4018. Also ,7.661±1.2 and 2.377± 1.01to FD17B4010 during 2021/2022.While, (0.330 ± 0.01 and 0.235± 0.02), (0.567± 0.01and 0.520± 0.01), (9.044± 2.11 and 2.710 ± 1.03) for the three cultivars, respectively in 2022/2023. In such concern, the parasitism efficiency of A. colemani against M. persicae on the three varieties was 47.05 ,36.66 and 34.78 % to the three varieties, respectively in 2021/2022. Moreover, 57.14, 39.39 and 36.84 % for three varieties respectively in 2022/2023. Consequently, planting the resistant variety + A. colmani parasitoids are very important and efficient elements in IPM of M. persicae in sugar beet fields.

Evaluation of some plant extracts and entomopathogenic fungi against the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychyidae) and some associated predators

M. Hassan Dalia — 2024-11-19

Two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychyidae) is a polyphagous plant mite pest causing major economic losses. Avoiding the extensive application of chemical pesticides, which had many hazards to human health and the environment and to obtain satisfactory alternatives to pesticides to combat the, two plant extracts Portulaca oleracea L. (Family: Portulacaceae) and Lepidium sativum L. (Family: Brassicaceae) and two isolates of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals) Vuill (Family: Cordycipitaceae) and Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) (Family: Ophiocordycipitaceae), were tested on in the laboratory; a side effects of highly virulent tested material was examined on some of the predators, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), Neoseiulus bicaudus (Wainstein) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Orius albidipennis (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Mortality rates for T. urtice ranged between 21-91% for P. oleracea and 24-80% for L. sativum, while for the two fungi isolates, Beauveria and Paecilomyces, ranged between 38.2 - 74.5% and 31.3 - 49.1% on T. urtice, respectively. The side effects of the plant extract ranged between 24-35% on predatory mites and 3.85% on predatory insects. Whereas fungi effect was less than 30 % for all predators. Due to its effect on T. urticae and minimal effect on O. albidipennis, both proposed methods could be used to control the pest mite alone or incompatible with the predatory insect in joint programs. The detrimental effect of the tested material on predatory mite survival and progeny indicates the need for further studies to develop other strategies that combine these natural control agents.

Population fluctuation and effectiveness of climate on the mango shield scale, Milviscutulus mangiferae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Al-Busayli, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt

A.A. Rezk Mohamed — 2024-11-19

The mango shield scale, Milviscutulus mangiferae (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is a serious polyphagous pest of mango trees and many ornamental plants. Since the climatic conditions in Egypt are conducive to the establishment and spread of M. mangiferae, it is expected that it will have an economic impact in Egypt. The seasonal abundance of M. mangiferae was studied under the climatic conditions during the two seasons 2021 and 2022 in El-Beheira Governorate. The present results showed that M. mangiferae population exponentially increased from October to next January and reached the maximum peak in November and slightly increased in June and July. The immature stages were synchronized with the population fluctuation, where crawler, first and second nymphal stages recorded the highest peak 197.25, 107 and 112.2 in November 2021, respectively, and139.75, 98 and 97 in November 2022 seasons, respectively. The highest rate of monthly variation in the population (R.M.V.P.) value was recorded in June 2.23 and 2.66 for 2021 and 2022 seasons, respectively. On the contrary, the lowest value was shown in February and March. In conclusion, the changes in population fluctuation dynamics of M. mangiferae on mango trees were mostly related to the monthly changes in climate, especially daily temperature rates. The present findings will help in developing appropriate pest management strategies for M. mangiferae.