Prevalence and associated risk factors of malaria among under-five years children in Ilugalan district, Oromia Region, Western Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Under-five children are at high risk of malaria-associated morbidity and mortality, however studies on community-based  malaria in under-five children in Ethiopia are limited. Hence this study was conducted to investigate prevalence and associated risk  factors among under-five children in the Ilu Galan district.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2023. Among five Kebeles selected by random  sampling, 557 under-five children were chosen using systematic sampling. Malaria presence was assessed by microscopic examination  and rapid diagnostic tests. Data on sociodemographic and risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and  multivariable logistic regression identified predictors with adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and P < 0.05 as statistically  significant.

Results: The prevalence of malaria among under-five children was 5.2% (95% CI = 3.5-7.4). The majority (71.4%) were infected  with P. falciparum, followed by P. vivax (25%), and mixed infection (3.6%). Staying outdoors at night (AOR=3.09; 95% CI=1.01-9.48), ITN  utilization (AOR=0.26; 95% CI=0.07-0.94), presence of eaves (AOR=4.08; 95% CI=1.20-13.44), less than 1 km distance from the river  (AOR=4.32; 95% CI=1.19-15.62), and stagnant water nearby (AOR=11.40; 95% CI=3.71-35.02) increased malaria odds.

Conclusion: This  study found a 5.2% malaria prevalence among under-five children, mainly caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Key risks included outdoor  exposure, proximity to rivers, stagnant water, and poor housing. Promoting ITN use and addressing environmental risks are essential for  pre