Prevalence of Self-Reported Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases among Adults in Addis Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Addis-HDSS), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a global health challenge, causing millions of deaths annually and contributing significantly to the global disease burden. Despite their prevalence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), NCDs receive limited global health financing. Ethiopia, like other LMICs, is experiencing a rising burden of NCDs. This study aimed to assess the self-reported prevalence of chronic NCDs and identify associated sociodemographic factors.

METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Addis Health Demographic Surveillance System (Addis-HDSS) site in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. All adults (≥18 years) living in the Addis-HDSS sites were included. Data were collected using a structured electronic questionnaire on self-reported NCDs and sociodemographic variables. Binomial regression model was used to identify sociodemographic factors associated with self-reported NCDs.

RESULTS: Overall, 11.5% (95% CI: 11.3%-11.7%) of adults reported at least one NCD. The most prevalent conditions were hypertension (5.9%; 95% CI: 5.7%-6.1%) and diabetes mellitus (3.4%; 95% CI: 3.3%-3.5%). Older age (Adjusted Incidence Rate Ratio (AIRR): 5.47; 95% CI: 5.17-5.79), no formal education (AIRR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.45-1.72), being formerly married (AIRR: 2.68; 95% CI: 2.47-2.91), and higher wealth quintiles (AOR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.07-1.26) were statistically significant risk factors associated with NCDs.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights the high burden of chronic NCDs among adults in Addis Ababa. The findings highlight the importance of addressing NCDs as a significant public health challenge.  Expanding access to early prevention, diagnosis, and care is critical in urban settings.