Prevalence and Phenotypic Characterization of Antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus Species Isolated from Chicken Faecal Samples in Accra, Ghana

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Enterococci are bacteria found naturally in the gastrointestinal tract of both chickens and humans, serving as a commensal bacterium. These opportunistic pathogens are recognized for their involvement in human diseases like urinary tract infections (UTIs), endocarditis, and sepsis. Infection sources encompass food, hospital environments, and animals, particularly chickens. Their increasing resistance to multiple drugs poses a growing concern for public health

This study aimed to isolate the enterococcus species and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility profiles.

METHOD: Swab samples of gut content from poultry in specific slaughterhouses located within selected markets in Accra were collected, cultured on MacConkey agar No.2, and incubated overnight for growth. Colonies suspected to be Enterococcus species were subjected to biochemical testing, and confirmed colonies underwent antibiotic testing against commonly used medications for bacterial infections. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of the recovered isolates.

RESULTS: Among the 160 samples examined, 97 (61%) were found to be contaminated with Enterococcus species. Each of the isolates displayed resistance to a minimum of three antibiotic classes tested in the study. Notably, high levels of resistance were observed for specific antibiotics, including penicillin (91.75%), vancomycin (87.63%), and tetracycline (80.41).

CONCLUSION: The findings of this study revealed a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant Enterococcus species isolated from chicken rectal swab samples collected from three selected markets in Accra, Ghana. All the isolates exhibited resistance to at least three classes of antibiotics tested.