Trends and Challenges in Access to Essential Medicines in Ethiopia and the Contributions of Local Pharmaceutical Production

Abstract

Decades ago, the United Nations declared that access to essential medicines was a key element of universal human rights. Accordingly, member  states have been striving to address this issue through strategic policies and programs. Strengthening local pharmaceutical production has been a  pivotal strategy adopted by many developing countries including Ethiopia. The government of Ethiopia identified local pharmaceutical production  as a key industrial sector and has been implementing a ten-years strategic plan to improve capabilities and attract investment. Such support is  needed because local production could satisfy only 15 to 20% of the national demand, typically from a limited portfolio of medicines in conventional  dosage forms.The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases has accentuated the need for a more sustainable supply to reduce reliance on imports  and increase access to essential medicines. A full understanding of the structure, constraints and complexities of the Ethiopian pharmaceutical  market structure is vital to direct effective policies, target most impactful investments and exploit opportunities for leapfrogging. Hence, the  purpose of this review was to assess the trends and challenges in access to essential medicines and local pharmaceutical production in Ethiopia.  Literature search through major databases and review of policy documents and performance reports from relevant sector institutions were made to  extract information for the review.