Predictive value of N-Terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide as prognostic biomarker in assessment of myocardial ischemic injury in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE): Review article

Abstract

Background: Any illness that disrupts the central nervous system in the first few days of life can induce encephalopathy among neonates. This ailment can have a variety of causes. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a significant risk factor in neonates, with cardiac dysfunction leading to higher mortality and severe brain injury. Myocardial dysfunction is directly linked to birth asphyxia severity, worsening clinical outcomes. Factors like low Apgar scores and inotropic therapy are linked to acute kidney injury and cardiac dysfunction in HIE patients. In the majority of cases, the B-type natriuretic peptides are produced and released in a constitutive manner by the ventricular cardiac myocytes. A classic name for neonatal encephalopathy that results from an intrapartum incident that causes perinatal hypoxiaischemia is hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Objective: This article aimed to examine the diagnostic relevance of the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide biomarker in the evaluation of myocardial ischemia injury in infants who have hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Methods: In our search for information on N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide and its role as biomarker in myocardial ischemic injury among neonates with HIE, we used Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and other internet databases. Additionally, the writers combed through relevant literature for references, however they only included researches covering the years from 2010 to 2024. Due of lack of translation-related sources, documents in languages other than English were excluded. Also, works in progress, unpublished publications, abstracts from conferences, and dissertations that did not form part of broader scientific investigations were excluded. Conclusion: Neonates with HIE may have higher NT-proBNP levels than controls. Neonates with myocardial ischemia injury have higher levels of NT-proBNP than those without.