Impact of Micronutrients on Cardiovascular Health: A Review Article

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for 31% of global mortality, with major contributors including heart attacks and  strokes. The development of CVD is influenced by a combination of dietary, lifestyle, and genetic factors.

Objective: The review aimed to clarify the benefits and potential risks associated with micronutrient supplementation, including vitamins  and minerals, in the context of CVD prevention and management and modulating risk factors associated with CVD.

Methods: We searched Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and other online databases for vitamins and minerals supplementation  and their impact on cardiovascular health. The authors also reviewed references from pertinent literature, however only the most recent  or comprehensive studies from 2010 to February 2023 were included. Documents in languages other than English were disqualified due  to lack of translation-related sources. Papers such as unpublished manuscripts, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and  dissertations that were not part of larger scientific studies were excluded.

Conclusion: Micronutrients play significant roles in  cardiovascular health through mechanisms involving inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function. While certain  micronutrients, such as calcium, zinc, vitamin D, and selenium, show promise in supporting cardiovascular health, excessive levels may  pose risks. Supplementation with folic acid and B vitamins has been associated with reduced stroke risk, whereas niacin and antioxidants  may increase all-cause mortality risk. The evidence does not support the routine use of vitamin supplements for reducing cardiovascular  risk, highlighting the need for balanced micronutrient intake through diet rather than supplementation.