Risk Factors of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy after Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: An Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) refers to a temporary decline in kidney function after using iodinated contrast agents.  Identifying high-risk patients and implementing suitable preventive measures are crucial for reducing CIN incidence.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate risks associated with CIN after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).

Patients and  methods: This prospective observational study included 500 patients aged 18 years or older with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 60  ml/min/1.73 m² or higher who underwent PCI at Al-Husain University Hospital between January 2022 and August 2023.

Results:  Hypertension significantly increased the risk of AKI after PCI [adjusted OR = 15.34 (4.77- 60.36, p<0.001)]. Adjustment of hemoglobin level  significantly decreased the risk of AKI [adjusted OR = 0.26 (0.12-0.53, p<0.001)] but an increased level of LDL increased the risk of AKI after  PCI [adjusted OR = 1.05 (1.02-1.08, p=0.002)] and decrease of HDL level below normal significantly increased the level of AKI  [adjusted OR = 1.21 (1.03-1.46, p=0.030)].

Conclusion: Hypertension, dyslipidemia, contrast volume, and impaired cardiac parameters  significantly increased the risk of AKI following PCI, while higher hemoglobin levels were protective.