Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Co-Activation of Diaphragm and Abdominal Muscles on Weaning Time in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Abstract

Background: In intensive care units (ICUs), around one-third of severely sick patients need mechanical ventilation (MV) to maintain their  breathing; some require it for just hours, while others need it for months. The diaphragm, abdominal, and intercostal muscles—the three  main breathing muscles—may experience atrophy due to lack of usage during this period.

Objective: We aimed to determine the effect of transcutaneous electrical co-activation of diaphragm and abdominal muscles on weaning time in MV patients.

Patients and Methods: A total of 52 mechanically ventilated patients of both sexes participated in the study with age range from 40 to 55  years old. They were recruited from ICU Department in New Cairo Generalized Hospital; referred by physicians. They were assigned  randomly into 2 Groups. Group A consisted of 26 patients; received co-activation of both diaphragmatic electrical stimulation and  abdominal functional stimulation in addition to conventional physical program for one session per day for 7 days a week till discharge, 60  minutes per session. Group B consisted of 26 patients; received conventional physical therapy program for 30 minutes per session for  one session a day for 7 sessions a week till discharge. Outcome measure weaning time was assessed.

Results: Both groups showed  significant improvements in the weaning time. However, Group A demonstrated greater improvements compared to Group B.  

Conclusion: Application of transcutaneous diaphragmatic stimulation and abdominal functional electrical stimulation is safe way for critically ill patients for decreasing length of duration in ICU for mechanically ventilated patient thus improve weaning.