Evaluating the Role of Chromohysteroscopy in Evaluation of Endometrial Pathology as a Cause of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Abstract

Background: The local application of stains or dyes during endoscopy is referred to as "chromoendoscopy" in an attempt to improve tissue identification, distinction, and diagnosis.

Objectives: To judge the value of chromohysteroscopy in identifying endometrial abnormalities that are too subtle for standard  hysteroscopy to detect. The histopathology from routine endometrial sampling and chromohysteroscopy was compared.

Methodology: This interventional prospective study included 49 women with abnormal uterine bleeding. First of all, a 4 mm diameter  hysteroscope was used to perform a diagnostic hysteroscopy. Between the 20th and 25th day of their menstrual cycle, patients were  booked for blind endometrial sampling and chromohysteroscopy directed biopsies.

Results: Focal staining had higher sensitivity,  specificity and accuracy 65.5%, 95% and 77.6% respectively, for detection of endometrial pathologies compared with diffuse staining.  Focal dark pattern was significantly associated with, submucous myoma, endometrial hyperplasia, necrotic mass, endometritis, simple  and complex endometrial hyperplasia with atypia and endometrial carcinoma.

Conclusion: The diagnostic precision of traditional  hysteroscopy is enhanced with chromohysteroscopy. In cases of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB), it is a useful, affordable diagnostic for  identifying endometrial diseases.