Lactobacillus kefiri Suppresses Inflammatory Cytokine Expression and Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancerous Cells in Rat Model

Abstract

Background: Lactobacillus kefiri (L. kefiri), found in kefir, is noted for its health benefits, including potential breast cancer prevention.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the apoptotic and therapeutic effects of L. kefiri on breast carcinoma in rats.

Methods: Five groups of 10 rats each were used: Group 1 (negative control) had no tumors, group 2 where rats in this group were  injected subcutaneously with a single dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. of DMBA (in 2 ml of corn oil) into the mammary gland, allowed to  develop  tumors over a period of 120 days. In the third group (L. kefiri oral “Group 3”), tumor-bearing rats received 0.4 ml of L. kefiri  orally, six  times a week for 5 weeks. Lactobacillus injection (Group 4) where tumor-bearing rats received 0.1 ml of L. kefiri solution via  intraperitoneal injection twice a week for 5 weeks. Finally, the L. kefiri mix group (Group 5) where tumor-bearing rats received L. kefiri  solution through duo ways: orally with 0.4 ml six times per week and intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml per tumor twice a week for five weeks.  

Results: DMBA reduced TNFR1, cytochrome c, TRADD, and Bax levels, while increasing Bcl-2 level. L. kefiri reversed these effects,  promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. It also improved liver and kidney function markers, reduced oxidative stress and enhanced immunity  as shown by better antioxidant levels and lower malondialdehyde.

Conclusion: L. kefiri showed promise as a natural agent  against breast cancer, warranting further research to determine its mechanisms and optimal application for human health.