Mapping resource-related inter-ethnic conflicts in Metekel zone of Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

Abstract

The Metekel zone in Ethiopia is marred by persistent interethnic conflicts, driven by a complex interplay of historical grievances, political issues, and socioeconomic challenges. This study examined the multifaceted dynamics of conflict in Metekel, focusing on the contextual backdrop, actors involved and their interests, and conflict dynamics. Data were collected using qualitative methods, including key informant interviews, expert interviews, and focus group discussions. In addition, secondary sources from the literature and those obtained from government offices in the study area were used. The study revealed that the conflict context in Metekel is characterized by recurring tensions among various ethnic groups, exacerbated by competition over natural resources, historical disputes, and political tensions. Actors in the conflict span local and regional entities, with their interests ranging from resource acquisition to power assertions and strategic positioning. Competing claims over land, cultural preservation, and political control seems to have drived conflict dynamics, aggravated by misinformation campaigns and historical grievances. Conflict dynamics in the area exhibit recurrence and escalation, marked by an increase in the frequency and intensity of violent confrontations. The study concludes that addressing the complex dynamics of the conflict in the zone requires a comprehensive approach that acknowledges historical contexts, fosters inclusive governance, and promotes equitable resource use. Genuine dialogue and targeted peace-building efforts are essential for achieving sustainable reconciliation and peace in the area.