Farmers' Malt Barley Seed Sources and Seed Quality Perceptions in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Abstract

Despite the release of several malt barley varieties in Ethiopia over the past four decades, most farmers have limited access to certified seeds of these improved varieties. This study investigated the malt barley seed sources and seed quality perceptions of farmers in eight major malt barley growing districts in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 344 farmers, supplemented with key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis. Farmer cooperatives supplied 57.3% of the total seed, considered as both certified (C-1) and recycled seed. About 31% of farmers used seeds from informal sources: own saved seed (15.4%), seeds from other farmers (8.7%), and purchased from local market (6.7%). The formal seed sector accounted for only 11.8%. Farmers selected seeds based on cleanliness, plumpness, germination potential, and being pest-free. While 59% of farmers perceived their seeds as good quality, 41% received poor-quality seeds. To improve seed availability and quality, it is recommended to strengthen farmers’ cooperatives with technical training and resources, increase formal sector involvement, and implement rigorous quality control measures. These steps can ensure farmers to receive the required amount and quality malt barley seeds, enhancing crop yields and agricultural productivity.