Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Yield and Yield Components as Influenced by Inoculation with Indigenous Rhizobial Isolates under Acidic Soil Condition of the Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Abstract

አህፅሮት

የተሻለ/ቁንጮ ራይዞቢየም የጥራጥሬ ሰብል ምርትን እና ምርታማነትን በእጅጉ የሚያሻሽል ቢሆንም አነዚህን ደቂቅ ዘአካላት የማግኘት ጉዳይ በስፋትና በተከታታይ የመዳሰስ እና   የመፈተሽ ውጤት ነው፡፡  ይህ የምርምር ስራም የባቄላ ሰብል በዕድገት፣ ምርትና ምንዝረ-ምርት ረገድ ለሃገር-በቀል ልይት ራይዞቢያ የሚኖረውን ምላሽ ለማወቅ በ2007 እና 2008 በወልመራ ወረዳ ፣ በ2008 ዓ.ም. ደግሞ በኤጄሬ ወረዳ የተከናወነ ነው፡፡ በመሆኑም አምስት (5) ሃገር-በቀል ልይት ራይዞቢየሞች (FB-4፣ FB-7፣ FB-9፣ FB-17 እና FB-140) ከ100 ኪ.ግ. ዳፕ  እና ኤንፒኤስ የማዕድን ማዳበሪያዎች በሄክታር፤ FB-Murd፣ EAL-110 እና FB-1035/1018 ከተሰኙ ቁንጮ ልይት ራይዞቢያዎች እና ናይትሮጅንአልባ ማመሳከሪያዎች ጋር ውጤታማነቸው በማሳ ላይ ተፈትሿል፡፡ ወልመራ ወረዳ ላይ ከተመዘገበው ቁመተ-ተክል እና የዝምቡጥ ቁጥረ-ዘር  እንዲሁም ኤጄሬ ላይ ከተመዘገበው የእህል ምርት   እና የተክል ቁጥረ-ዝምቡጥ ውጭ ባሉት መለኪያዎች በሙሉ አመርቂ (በ5 መቶ ዕድል) ልዩነት ተስተውሏል፡፡ በእህል ምርት ደረጃ 3101.4  እና 2182.5 ኪ.ግ. በሄክ. በ2007 እና 2008 በቅደም ተከተል በወልመራና ኤጄሬ ወረዳዎች  የተመዘገቡ ከፍተኛ የጥናቱ ዘገባዎች ናቸው፡፡ በተመሳሳይ አመታት በልይት ራይዞቢየም FB-9 እና FB-140 አማካኝነት የተገኙት 2943.5 እና 2152.2 ኪ.ግ. በሄክታር እህል ምርት ውጤቶች በወልመራና ኤጀሬ ወረዳዎች በቅ/ተከተል የሁለተኛነት ደረጃን የያዙ ናቸው፡፡ ሆኖም በወልመራ ወረዳ፣ በ2008 ዓ.ም. በልይት ራይዞቢየም FB-9 አማካኝነት የተመዘገበው 3160.3 ኪ.ግ. በሄክታር የጥናቱ ክብረ ወሰን ነው፡፡ ስለሆነም እነዚህ ሶስቱ ልይት ራይዞቢዎች በንጽጽር የተሻሉ በመሆናቸው በተለይ በአሲዳማ አፈር አከባቢ ለባቄላ የራይዞቢያ መክተቢያነት እጩ ቢሆኑ እና በአርሶ አደር ማሳ ላይ በቀጣይ የማረጋገጫ ስራ ቢሰራላቸው መልካም ነው፡፡

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the response of yield and yield components of faba bean to indigenous rhizobial isolates in Welmera and Ejere Districts. The response of faba bean to five indigenous rhizobial isolates were assessed under field condition against the reference faba bean rhizobial inoculants as well 100 kg ha^-1 DAP as positive control and uninoculated as negative control. In addition, 100 kg ha^-1 NPS was also included in the treatments as satellite control. Significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher plant height, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod, above ground biomass yield, straw yield and grain yield of faba bean were recorded through inoculation of rhizobial isolates in both experimental sites. The highest grain yields (3101.4 kg ha^-1 and 2182.5 kg ha^-1) were obtained from inoculation with rhizobial isolate FB-17 in Welmera and Ejere districts during 2014 and 2015 in respective order. In the same years, the second higher grain yields were obtained from inoculation of rhizobial isolates FB-9 (2943.5 kg ha^-1) and FB-140 (2152.2 kg ha^-1) in Welmera and Ejere Districts, respectively. However, the highest grain yield was obtained from the inoculation of rhizobial isolate FB-9 (3160.3 kg ha^-1) in Welmera district during 2015. The over year grain yield (3123.2 kg ha^-1) of faba bean depicted that the statistical superiority (p ≤ 0.05) of rhizobial isolate FB-17 in Welmera District. Hence, these rhizobial isolates are the best candidate for the development of commercial faba bean rhizobial inoculants in acid prone faba bean growing areas of Ethiopia after further verification over the farmers’ field at different agro-ecologies.