Cost of Production of Coffee in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Abstract

አህፅሮት

 የዚህ ጥናት አላማ በአነስተኛ አርሶ-አደር ዘንድ ያለዉን የቡናን ትርፋማነት ለማጥነት ነዉ፡፡ ጥናቱ በጅማ ዞን ሊሙኮሳ፣ ጎማ፣ ማና እና ጉማይ ወረዳዎች ባጠቃላይ 90 አርሶ-አደሮችና 110 የቡና ማሳ ላይ የተደረገ ነዉ፡፡ መረጃዉ ከተሰበሰበ በኋላ ቡናዉ በአምሰት የዕድገት ደረጃዎች (ደረጃ 1 እስከ ደረጃ 5) ተከፍሏል፡፡ የጥናቱ ግኝት እንደሚያመለክተዉ ቡና በደረጃ 1 የዕድገት ደረጃ (ከማሳ ዝግጅት እስከ አነድ አመት) ከፍተኛ ወጪ (ዓመታዉ ወጪ ብር 79920.95) እና ምንም ምርት የማያስገኝበት ደረጃ ላይ ስለሆነ ኔጋቲቭ ያልተጣራ ማርጅን ያሳያል፡፡ በደረጃ 2 (ከ2-3 ዓመት ቡና) የዕድገት ደረጃም እንዲሁ ኔጋቲቭ ያልተጣራ ማርጅን ስኖረዉ ወጪዉ በከፍተኛ ደረጃ ይቀንሳል (ዓመታዉ ወጪ ብር 19053.14)፡፡ ከደረጃ 3 እስከ 5 ቡናዉ ምርታማ የሚሆንበት ደረጃ ስሆን ደረጃ 3 (ከ4-8 ዓመት ቡና) ከሁሉም ደረጃዎች የበለጠ ከፍተኛ ምርት ያስገኛል (867.05 ኪ.ግ/ሄክ ቅሽር ቡና)፤ ዓመታዊ ወጪዉም ብር 22039.29 ነዉ፡፡ ነገር ግን ከፍተኛ ያልተጣራ ማርጅንና የላቀ የቡና የጥቅም-ወጪ ንፅፅር የሚገኘዉ በደረጃ 4 (ከ9-13 ዓመት ቡና) ስሆን ከዚያም እየቀነሰ ይሄዳል፡፡ ባጠቃላይ በሁሉም የዕድገት ደረጃዎች አማካይ የቡና የጥቅም-ወጪ ንፅፅር 1.13 ስሆን ይህም የቡና ትርፋማነት ዝቅተኛ መሆኑን ያሳያል፡፡ ስለሆነም ምርትን በማሳደግ ገቢን ለማሳደግ ምርጥ የቡና ዘሮችን መጠቀም፤ በሌላ በኩል ወጪን ለመቀነስ የተለያዩና አዳዲስ የፈጠራ ዘዴዎችን (ለምሳሌ ማሽኖች) መጠቀም እንደሚገባ ይህ ጥናት ያስገነዝባል፡፡  

 Abstract

The main objective of this study was to provide detail information on production costs and gross profits of coffee production under smallholder farmers. The study was conducted at four districts of Jimma zone namely Limu Kosa, Gomma, Manna and Gumay Districts. A total of 110 coffee plots from 90 coffee producing households were selected for this study. Data was categorized under five coffee growth stages and analysis was undertaken based on the stages. Stage I covers from coffee establishment stage to coffee age of one year. Stage II covers a coffee age of two and three years. Stage III covers coffee age of four to eight years. Stage IV covers a coffee age of nine to twelve years. Finally, stage V covers coffee age of greater or equals to thirteen years of age. Descriptive, gross margin, benefit-cost ratio, sensitivity, and break-even analysis was conducted to summarize the data. The result of the study showed that at stage I, seedling purchase cost is the most important cost. For the establishment of a hectare of new coffee and plant management until one year, Birr 79920.95 is needed. A single coffee tree need Birr 31.9 at this stage.  At stage II, the highest cost is cost of slashing followed by watering and digging.  The mean total variable cost at this stage is Birr19053.14 and the mean cost per tree is Birr 7.62. At stage III, the highest cost share goes to harvesting followed by weeding and digging. The mean per hectare total variable cost at this stage is Birr 22039.29 and the mean cost per tree is Birr 8.82. Harvesting, weeding and digging are three important cost of coffee production at stage IV. The mean total variable cost and per tree cost is Birr 18247.00 and Birr 7.3, respectively. The highest cost at stage V goes to harvesting and digging. The mean total variable cost at this stage is Birr 19843.27 and the mean per tree cost is Birr 7.94. The overall mean cost of coffee production per year per hectare of land was Birr 24696.53. The maximum clean coffee yield per hectare was observed at stage III (867.05 kg/ha). Gross Margin is negative at stage I and stage II, and it is positive and peak at stage IV. The highest benefit-cost ratio was observed at stage IV (2.01) followed by stage III (1.67). The overall gross margin was Birr 3156.40 and the benefit-cost ratio was 1.13. The study realized that high cost of production at all stages has jeopardized the gross margin. Therefore, encourage utilization of improved coffee seeds and seedlings to boost the gross return and cost minimization through utilization of different creative and innovative ideas such as machines are crucial to increase the gross margin.