Exercises Training Program: Its Effect on Muscle Strength and Activity of Daily Living among Elderly People

Abstract

Context: Aging is associated with the loss of muscle strength and difficulties in functional activities. Research evidence has identified that regular exercises in the elderly have been shown to enhance gait, balance, and muscle strength, leading to a reduction in seniors’ dependency.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an exercise training program on muscle strength and activity of daily living among elderly people.

Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was used in the current study. A purposive sample of 92 male and female elder adults was distributed in three geriatric homes collected over a period of one year. This study was carried out at three geriatric homes in Minia city (Dar Omar Bn El-Khattab, Dar El- Qedesa Hena, and Dar El- Raee El-Saleh), Egypt. Three tools were utilized in collecting the data; Structured Interview Questionnaire; Muscle Strength Scale for upper and lower limbs; Katz and Akpom Scale used to assess activities of daily living.

Results: The current study findings revealed that the level of independence of elderly clients at the end of the program became (87.5%) compared to zero at the first observation. There was a highly statistically significant difference in muscle strength in upper limbs between the first and tenth observation as (37.5%) have normal muscle strength compared to none at the first observation. Also, a highly statistically significant difference in lower limb strength between the first and tenth observation (58.75%) has normal muscle strength in the lower limb compared to none at first observation.

Conclusions: The study findings concluded that the regular performance of exercises for an extended period enhances the performance of the daily living activity and strengthens body muscles, which improves general health. Recommendations: Active exercise training programs should be recommended by evaluating their effect on the quality of life for the elderly, particularly those at the elderly home.