Determination of asbestos hazards exposure among maintenance workers in public Universities in Kenya

Abstract

Background: Asbestos are a group of minerals that are resistant to heat, fire, and chemicals and do not conduct electricity. They are  divided into two distinct groups: serpentine (Chrysotile) and amphiboles (Crocidolite, amosite and tremolite). Workers in the  maintenance departments in public Universities are involved in renovation, demolition & maintenance works and hence disturbs  therefore contaminating themselves and the environment.

Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the asbestos  hazards exposure among maintenance workers in public universities in Kenya. Research Design: The study was conducted in 15 public  universities out of the total 35 established by the Universities Act, 2012. The study adopted both descriptive and experimental research  designs. Laboratory tests, air quality monitoring, microscopy approaches and questionnaires were used to collect primary data.

Outcome  Measures: Microscopic observation, of the asbestos roofing materials indicated a grey brown color, positive sign of  elongation, physical properties and appearances indicative of amphibole asbestos group.

Results: Chemical results revealed 4 main  elements of calcium, magnesium, iron and silica in varying percentages. The mean area air sampling during sweeping of debris showed  high levels exceeding the Occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 0.1 f/mL standard and had a significant mean F (2, 13) = 5.081, p<.05).  

Conclusion: The study concluded that public universities environment and maintenance workers were exposed to asbestos fibres. 

Recommendation: Public universities in Kenya need to increase their personal and area air concentrations measurements to help in  early detection of the dangerous asbestos fibre exposure to personnel and environment.