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Genotype x environment interactions for seed yield in sesame in Western Ethiopia
Abstract
As sesame is a short day plant and sensitive to light, heat, and moisture stress the yield is not stable. The selection of stable genotypes that interact less with the varying environment in which they are to be grown is required. The extent of genotype by environment interaction indicates the likelihood of adaptation of a given genotype to a particular agro-ecology and helps to design a breeding strategy for developing varieties suitable for cultivation in a target area. The objective of the study was to assess the significance and magnitude of GEI effect on sesame seed yield and to evaluate the efficiency of the combined use of AMMI and GGE techniques to study GEI. The treatment consisted of ten sesame genotypes grown in four locations (Angar, Uke, Wama and Bako) in western Ethiopia during the 2011 and 2012 main cropping seasons (June to October). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design with three replications. The seed yield data were analysed using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and the genotype and genotype x environment interaction effect (GGE) biplot. The AMMI analysis showed that environment, genotype, and genotype by environment interaction significantly (P<0.01) influenced seed yield. Both AMMI stability value and the GGE–biplot indicated that EW002 (G1) and BG006 (G2) were the most stable genotypes with high seed yields. The result showed that Uke could be used as the best test location for sesame yield trial in the future. The GGE-biplot model showed that eight environments used for the study belong to three different environments. Four genotypes viz. EW002 (G1), BG006 (G2), Obsa (G8) and Dicho (G9) were identified as desirable. In conclusion, the results of the study revealed that EW002 and BG006 are the best genotypes for high seed yield and stability, and could be recommended for production in western Ethiopia. Both AMMI and GGE-biplot produced similar results, suggesting that either of the two can be used at a time.
Keywords: AMMI; GGE-biplot; Seed yield; Sesamum indicum L. Stability; Test environment
