The Status of Neuroscience in East Africa: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Background: The rising prevalence of neurological disorders in East Africa highlights a significant disparity between the escalating disease burden and the region's capacity for neuroscience research and healthcare provision. Factors such as inadequate training, limited funding, insufficient research infrastructure, and brain drain of skilled professionals exacerbate this gap. Objective: This narrative review examines the current state of neuroscience in East Africa, identifies key challenges, explores recent innovations, and proposes strategic solutions to enhance neuroscience research, education, and healthcare delivery in the region.Methods: A narrative review approach was adopted, involving a comprehensive analysis of published literature, regional reports, and relevant case studies. Sources included peer-reviewed journals, organizational reports, and data from neuroscience initiatives and collaborations. Emphasis was placed on identifying systemic barriers, successful interventions, and actionable recommendations for improving neuroscience in East Africa. Findings: Innovative diagnostic and treatment techniques, such as neuroimaging and telemedicine, have shown promise in addressing some challenges. Regional and international collaborations, including initiatives by organizations such as the Society of Neuroscientists of Africa (SoNA), Pan African Association of Neurological Sciences (PAANS), and East African Association of Neurological Surgeons (EAANS), have contributed significantly to advancing neuroscience research and education. However, these efforts remain insufficient in addressing the broader systemic challenges. Conclusions: Addressing the challenges in neuroscience research and healthcare in East Africa requires a multifaceted approach emphasizing educational enhancement, investment in indigenous biodiversity research, and improved funding and infrastructure. Strengthened regional and international partnerships are critical for building sustainable neuroscience capacities, ultimately improving the management and treatment of neurological disorders in the region.