In-vitro Antibacterial Activity of Extracts from Twenty Four Plants Species against Salmonella typhi in North-East Nigeria

Abstract

Medicinal plants are used for treating different ailments caused by microorganisms. This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of  aqueous and hexane extracts from 24 plants against Salmonella typhi strain isolated from typhoid fever patients. The efficacy of the plants  extracts was evaluated in-vitro using disc diffusion method. Out of twenty four (24) plant extracts tested only thirteen plants  extracts produced zone of inhibition. The result of this study revealed that Ciprofloxacin (26mm) demonstrated exceptional patency,  exhibiting substantial inhibitory effects on Salmonella typhi followed by aqueous extract of Ficus sycomorus (16mm), Mangifera indica  (15mm), Citrus aurantifolia (14mm) and Carica papaya (13mm) inhibition zone while the hexane extract of Gueira senegalensis (07mm)  was least. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericide Concentration range between (12.5mg/ml-50mg/ml) and (25mg/ ml-100mg/ml) respectively. Ciprofloxacin, and both the aqueous and Hexane Extracts demonstrated the bactericidal activity against  Salmonella typhi. These studies justify the claim of traditional use of some of the plants extracts against Salmonella typhi in the region.  The effectiveness of a combined extracts needs to be evaluated in further studies.