Review on the Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria Associated with Nosocomial Infections and Development of Emerging Therapeutics

Abstract

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) by certain group of bacteria associated with hospital acquired infections (HAI) represents a growing  diagnostic and treatment challenges of infectious diseases globally. It poses a majority of the problems in the management of health in  the health care facilities worldwide; this is in terms of efficacy and effectiveness thereby undermining efforts of the health care providers  like World Health Organization (WHO) in curtailing the emerging and re-emerging diseases of public health significance. Multi-drug  resistance (MDR) is caused as a result of mismanaging the antibiotics since time immemorial, this inappropriate use of antibiotics,  especially broad-spectrum antibiotics, leads to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria which led to the selection of  highly resistant bacteria pathogens in the health care facility settings. Nosocomial infections, particularly those caused by MDR bacteria  are often very complicated to treat, leading to various side effects, including prolong hospital stay and higher cost of treatment which  affect the natural human microbiome. In the same vein, the development of new antimicrobial agents is lagging with few new ones  underway. Therefore, searching for the new alternatives to treat nosocomial infections may help to overcome the multidrug resistance  challenges by bacterial pathogen. Currently, development of new therapeutic agents to find the lasting solution to multi-drug resistance  by nosocomial pathogenic bacteria is ongoing through modification of existing drugs, use of novel metal-based complexes, antimicrobial  peptides, and antisense antimicrobial therapeutics.