An appraisal of phase change materials: characteristics, categorization, benefits, drawbacks and utilizations. A review

Abstract

A new era of energy-efficient solutions has arrived thanks to the revolutionary class of substances known as phase change materials (PCMs), which have the extraordinary capacity to store and release thermal energy during phase transitions. The defining characteristics of PCMs, such as their well-defined melting and freezing temperatures, high latent heat of fusion, and variety of material types, including organic and inorganic PCMs, as well as eutectic combinations, are thoroughly examined in this thoroughly analysis. PCMs are divided into groups according to the physical shape they take and the temperature range in which they are used. These groups include low-temperature variations, high-temperature variants, encapsulated forms, and nanocomposite forms. PCMs provide a wide range of advantages, including effective thermal energy storage, cost-effective energy use, consistent temperature maintenance and small light designs. However, they do have some restrictions, such as compatibility issues and slow heat transfer rates. However, PCMs are used in a wide range of industries, from electronics and renewable energy to building and construction, revolutionizing temperature control, thermal management and energy efficiency. The future of PCM technology offers promise, with ongoing improvements aiming at improving heat transmission, integrating with renewable energy sources and enhancing encapsulation processes. This technology's vital position in a sustainable and efficient energy future is apparent, as it continues to transform our world in the hunt for responsible and green energy solutions.