Bacteriocins of Escherichia coli: A mini review

Abstract

Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by certain bacteria that exhibit potent activities against closely related species, including pathogens. This review aimed to discuss and compare the results of academic research articles focused on the bacteriocins produced by Escherichia coli, shedding light on their diversity, mechanisms of action, and potential applications in various fields. Bacteriocins produced by E. coli strains have been found to vary in terms of their genetic determinants, structures, and modes of action. Through extensive research, several types of E. coli bacteriocins have been identified and characterized, including colicins, microcins, and other related peptides. Some bacteriocins act by disrupting the target cell membrane, leading to cell lysis, while others target essential cellular processes, such as DNA replication or protein synthesis. Understanding these mechanisms provides insights into the potential applications of E. coli bacteriocins as antibacterial agents or probiotics to fight against pathogens. Studies have explored their specific antimicrobial spectra, examining their efficacy against various bacterial strains, including antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Additionally, investigations into their regulation, biosynthesis, and mode of action have contributed to a better understanding of their potential as therapeutic agents. Furthermore, the potential applications of E. coli bacteriocins extend beyond the medical field. Research has demonstrated their ability to control foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria, making them promising as natural food preservatives. Moreover, their potential use in biotechnology, agriculture, and environmental protection has been explored, emphasizing their versatility and potential industrial applications. This review paper discussed and compared the results of academic research concerning E. coli bacteriocins, providing insights into their diversity, mechanisms of action, and potential applications. Further studies on E. coli bacteriocins will not only contribute to the understanding of bacterial interactions but may also pave the way for novel antimicrobial strategies and biotechnological advancements.