Detection of antibiotic-producing bacteria from soil samples in parts of Wudil local government area Kano State, Nigeria

Abstract

The emergence of new diseases and multiple-antibiotic resistance pathogens that resist the action of clinically used antibiotics have increased the needs of discovering new antibiotics. However, soil served as the most important target for most researchers in their attempt of discovering new antibiotics that have pharmaceutical values. The aim of this study was to detect the antibiotic-producing bacteria from soil samples in parts of Wudil local government of Kano state using standard procedure. The color ranged from light brown to dark brown. The texture ranged from clay loam, clay and loam. Sample C was found to have the highest mean pH and electrical conductivity of 7.46 and 108.90μs/cm, respectively, while sample B had the least mean values of 6.95 and 73.53μs/cm, respectively. The highest mean bulk devsity and particle density was sample B with 1.60g/cm³ and 1.87g/cm³, respectively, while sample C had the least mean values of 1.48g/cm³ and 1.71g/cm³, respectively. Sample C was found to have the highest mean moisture content and porosity with 17.93% and 15.57%, respectively, while sample A had the least mean values with 10.61% and 10.74%, respectively. Four bacterial spp. were identified based on morphological description, gram’s reaction and biochemical tests, and were identified as Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Pseudosomonas spp. and Proteus spp. Sample C was found to have the highest mean total bacterial viable plate count of 19.9×10⁵cfu/g, while sample B had the least mean value of 4.1×10⁵cfu/g. Bacillus spp. was found to have the highest percentage occurrence with 21(47%), while Proteus spp. had the least value with 4(9%). E. coli had the highest and least susceptibility to metabolites produced by Bacillus spp. and Pseudosomonas spp. with inhibition zones of (17 and 0mm) respectively. While the control (Erythromycin 250mg/ml) produced the inhibition zones of (27 and 21mm) against E. coli and S. aureus respectively. It was concluded that soil samples in Lajawa, Kausani, Wudil Sabon gari and Wudil Tsohon gari of Wudil local government contained the bacteria with potentiality of producing antimicrobial substance and recommended the use of molecular techniques for further characterization.