Current trends in antibiotic resistance in university college hospital

Abstract

This is a retrospective study carried out at the department of Medical Microbiology, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. Data retrieved focused on the following organisms - Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella species, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus species and Penicillinase producing Neisseria gonnorhea {PPNG}. The frequency of MRSA strains among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds was 24.4% at MIC of >8uglml while another 24.4% were also seen to be borderline resistant at MIC 4- 8ug/ml. All the MRSA strains isolated were sensitive to vancomycin. Klebsiella specie the commonest gram negative organism was found to have greater than 80% resistance to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole. Escherichia coli showed 91.2% and 100% resistance to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole respectively, with 32% being resistant to gentamicin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed 100% resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. Ofloxacin and chloramphenicol were most effective against the gram negative organisms showing resistant rate of about 7%. As at 1996 the incidence of PPNG in Ibadan stood at 92.2%, whereas in 1970 there was virtually no incidence of PPNG. 15.6% of the isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae were resistant to penicillin, however in Ghana and South Africa the rates reported were 30.6% and 7% respectively. Data like this play an important role in determinimg the course of rational therapy and all efforts must be made to determine the prevalence rates of bacterial resistance in each locality or better still each hospital.