Role of Radiology in Infectious Diseases, HIV/AIDS Overview.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Since the first case of HIV/AIDS appeared in USA and Africa more than two decades ago, the incidence of HIV/AIDS has continuously been increasing worldwide. It is estimated that 42 million people lived with HIV/AIDS in 2009 among whom 29.4 million (70%) were in Sub-Saharan Africa. Since there is no cure or vaccine presently available or in sight in near future, the current treatment strategy is to treat the opportunistic infections and HIV associated conditions. Developing countries account for about 60% of prevalence and 90% of new infections arise in the poor countries.2 In Africa the “worst case” scenario projections in the next 20 years are that: One quarter of the workforce will die, life expectancy will decrease from average of 63 to 47 years and 14 million children will be orphaned. OBJECTIVES: Emphasis on Diagnostic Imaging as the mainstay of management of patients with HIV/AIDS and related diseases. Demonstration of the role of radiology in the evaluation of patients, as guidance in interventional procedures such as drainages and biopsies as well as in the follow up of patients. Establishment of correct diagnosis of HIV associated conditions as they are very important so that patients can get appropriate treatment and less expenses are incurred during management. METHODOLOGY: This paper is a product of reviewing manuscripts and data available in journals,books and internet as stipulated in the reference section. The role of radiology in diagnosing and treating HIV/AIDS manifestations in each body system: HIV/AIDS spares no organ or system hence all radiological modalities have a role to play in the diagnosis and follow up of HIV/AIDS patients as is demonstrated in this imaging summary.