Radiological and Toxicity Impact of Uranium (U-238) in Ground Water to Different Age Groups at Wurno, Sokoto State, Nigeria

Abstract

One of the primary goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) is for every society to have an adequate supply of safe drinking water. This work aimed to assess the radiological and toxicity impact of ground water of Wurno Local Government Area. Uranium activity concentration from 45 water samples collected from different locations in the study area were determined using HpGe   detector, the result from the analysis was used to evaluate the annual effective dose due to ingestion of groundwater from the study area by the inhabitants.  Radiological and chemical toxicity risks were also calculated. High level activity was reported in Diggim while low activity level was reported in Nassarawa-Daje. The annual effective doses for adult, children and infants were estimated to be from 0.008 mSvy^-1 to 0.32 mSvy^-1. The highest risk cancer mortality value was found at Diggim with a value of 4.34 × 10^-4 while the lowest value was observed at Nassarawa Daje with a value of 1.17 × 10^-5. Chemical toxicity value ranged from 0.59 – 21. 79 µg.kg^-1.day^-1 with an average dose value of 5.12 µg.kg^-1.day^-1. The lifetime average daily dose (LADD) values were reported to be higher at Diggim and lower at Nassarawa-Daje with the values 21.79 µg.kg^-1.day^-1 and 0.59 µg.kg^-1.day^-1 respectively compared with 0.6 µg.kg^-1.day^-1 WHO limit standard. Significantly, the high activity level, and chemical toxicity risk reported from this study is an indication that the area may have developed some fractures of granitic strata in the subsurface geology that contributed to the wide distribution of radiation dose.