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Correlation of Clinical and Ultrasound Findings in Ocular Trauma at The University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: The eye is very vulnerable to external injuries and accidents. Clinical evaluation is usually the first line in management of ocular trauma. Ultrasonography is a useful tool for evaluating ocular trauma due to its ready availability and relative safety. The eye provides a perfect acoustic window for ocular imaging, being a fluid filled structure. Data on level of correlation between clinical and sonographic findings in ocular trauma is sparse in the Nigerian literature.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to correlate clinical findings with sonographic assessment in patients who presented with ocular trauma at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin-City, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: Eighty patients were studied, over an eight-month period, September-April 2014. After history taking and clinical examination, and following informed consent, each patient was scanned with a linear array probe of transducer frequency 5-12MHz (SONACE X4; Medison Inc, Korea), using the closed eye technique. Data was analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 17 (SPSS Inc; Chicago USA). Statistical tests were considered significant at ‘p’ level ˂ 0.05.
Results: The modal age group involvement was 18-35 years, and most of the causes of ocular trauma were work related. The right eye was more commonly involved (44 patients or 56.4%). The most common source of injury was intraocular foreign bodies (26 patients or 32.5%). Vitreous hemorrhage was the most common sonographic finding (36 patients or 45.0%). Ultrasound examination significantly identified more abnormalities (50 cases or 62.5%), compared with clinical or ophthalmologic assessment alone (27 cases or 33.8%).
Conclusion: Ultrasound significantly identified more abnormalities than ophthalmologic examination. The posterior segment was more involved than the anterior, with vitreous hemorrhage as the most common abnormality. Ultrasound findings correlated significantly with clinical findings.
