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Histopathological review of male breast cancer in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria: A teaching hospital experience
Abstract
Background: Male breast cancer is rare worldwide and accounts for about 1% of all breast cancer cases. Previous studies in Nigeria and other parts of the world attest to the rarity of male breast cancer. However, there is no published report on male breast cancer from Kano, Northern Nigeria despite the increasing incidence in Africans.
Objective: This study describes the age frequency and morphological pattern of male breast cancer in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: This was a 16-year (2001-2016) retrospective study of all male breast cancer cases that were histologically diagnosed at the histopathology department of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. The histology slides were retrieved and reviewed. Fresh sections from archival paraffin blocks were obtained when original slides could not be retrieved and special stains deployed where necessary. The cases were then classified by the authors and the results were then analyzed, presented using frequency table and line diagram while the tissue microscopy presented as photomicrographs.
Results: A total of 1,006 breast cancer cases were diagnosed during the 16-year review period. Out of this number, 61(6.1%) cases were males. The age range was between 28 and 79 years with a mean age of 64.5 years. The highest frequency of 26 (42.6%) cases occurred between 61-70 years while the lowest frequency of 2 (3.3%) cases occurred in the third decade. Invasive Carcinoma NST was the predominant histological type accounting for 42 (68.9%) cases. This was followed by papillary carcinoma with 6 (9.8%) cases, medullary carcinoma with 4 (6.6%) cases and lobular carcinoma with 3 (4.9%) cases.
Conclusion: Breast cancer though uncommon in males, it accounts for 6.1% of all breast cancer cases in this study, which further confirms the higher incidence in Africans. Most of the presentations were in the seventh decade and invasive Carcinoma was the predominant histological subtype.
