Bima Journal of Science and Technology

Management of bacterial wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using some plant resistance activators

Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) is a soil borne plant pathogen, which negatively affects tomato production globally. Plant resistance activators (PRAs): Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA), Salicylic acid (SA) and Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) were investigated to determine their effectiveness in managing bacterial wilt under screenhouse conditions. PRAs at 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml and 75 μg/ml concentrations each, were applied as foliar spray and root drenching to tomato cultivars: Perfect Pee and Roma Round laid out in a Complete Randomized Design with three replications. Seedlings were artificially inoculated with R. solanacearum suspension (6 × 107cfu/ml) using the foliar method. All the PRAs reduced bacterial wilt incidence and severity to the barest minimum. The highest number of fruits, irrespective of the varieties and application method was significantly different (p≤0.05) from the control. However, the least and highest significantly different (p≤0.05) fruit yield (4.60 and 38.70 g/plant) was recorded for foliar spray-treated SA Roma Round and ASA Perfect Pee respectively at 50 μg/ml. In all, ASA foliar spray at 50μg/ml produced significantly higher tomato yield than the other plant activators and untreated controls. This suggests that the use of ASA in controlling bacterial wilt would be effective in integrated disease management program.

Review of livestock semen extension and cryopreservation of spermatozoa

Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The need for livestock sustainability and conservation of genetic resources, artificial dissemination seeing to be a viable tool/means in achieving this whole paying much attention to effective semen extension and cryopreservation techniques. The study reviewed the challenges associated with semen extension and cryopreservation and solutions were proffered to the identified challenges. The research community have observed that in the process of extension and cryopreservation of semen, the specimen is predisposed to detrimental effects of ice crystal formation, hyper-osmosis, alterations in the integrity of sperm cells and denaturation, important to the problem associated with cold stock during cooling, and relative in the availability of commercial extenders and powered especially in the developing countries. The solutions proffered include the embrace of using phytogenic and natural products in semen extension and research stations where alternative power sources could be implored. It is concluded that for effective conservation of genetic resources and breeding, assisted reproductive technologies with vital emphasis on quality semen extension and cryopreservation in livestock should be embraced.

Activities of Acalypha indica Linn (Euphorbiaceae): a concise review of its phytochemical constituents and ethnomedicinal uses

G.O. Ojediran, O. Ojediran, O.Y. Titilawo, Z. Shehu, M.A. Titilawo — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Acalypha indica Linn belonging to Euphorbiaceae family is used practically as an herbal medicine by the Europe, American, Asian, Africa and other continents. The extracts of the plant have been reported to contain many a chemical constituent with potential activities such as epilepsy, anti-cancer, emetic, anti-bacterial, parasiticide, cough, anthelmintic, analgesic, haemorrhoid, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, fungal infection, anti-venom, anti-viral and wound healing activity, it is also known as a rich spring of glycosides, flavonoids and tannins. The principal aim of this review study was to explore the activities of Acalypha indica Linn with a special emphasis on its chemical components and ethnomedicinal uses. Data on this study were assembled from electronic books, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Research entryway. By bringing together these facts, we concisely reviewed about the medicinal properties and therapeutic activities establish its importance as a valuable medicinal plant.

Analysis of landforms distribution in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria

M. Abashiya, S. Sule — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study provides identification and classifications of recent progress in landforms analysis of Gombe metropolis using Geospatial techniques. It focuses on some topographic factors that are important in characterizing the biophysical functions of topography: elevation, contours, topographic position and spatial scale. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) map showed the three terrain classes as well as their heights, where the least elevation found in areas that includes Bogo, Yelenguruza and Nasarawo with 368m above sea level, with the Liji hills peaking at 670m above sea level. The 10m contour interval clearly differentiated the plains from the highlands
with wide and close contour lines respectively. The relief of the metropolis as revealed in conformity with the description that the topography consist of undulating, rugged, and hilly to the southeast and north-eastern part and flat open plains in the central and north-west. The area covers a total of 95.26 square kilometer with 48.08% of plains, 28.74% uplands and 23.18% covered with highlands. However, human activities such as settlements, farming, grazing and mining on the hills and their slopes will continue to modify the topography if not checkmated. The study recommends that human activities on the hills should be well controlled, local communities around the hills or valleys should be educated by the local authority about the dangers associated with their activities. Also more research on automated terrain analysis, especially on the use of topographical features in Gombe metropolis should be carried out.

Assessment of groundwater suitability for irrigation in Dadin-Kowa, Yamaltu Deba LGA, Gombe State, Nigeria

S. Sule , M. Abashiya , G. Didams — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In semi-arid regions, the quality of irrigation water and soil salinity were the main factors limiting agricultural yield in irrigation schemes. The increasing salinity of groundwater used in hot, dry regions with limited rainfall limits the variety of crops that can be produced. Therefore, it is crucial to ascertain the quality of the irrigation water. This study examined the physicochemical composition of the groundwater at the Dadin-kowa irrigation site and determined if it was suitable for irrigation. Using 1.5 liter sterilized bottles, four (4) water samples were taken from boreholes. The samples were then tested using conventional protocols for key physicochemical quality parameters, such as pH, ECw, TDS, Ca++, Mg++, Na+, HCO-3, CI-, SO-4, NO3-, K+, SAR, and SSP. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) standard recommendations were followed in the quality evaluation of each parameter of the water samples for irrigation suitability. The findings of the study revealed that most of the tested parameters, including CI-(385.8 ± 104.3 mg/l), K+(5.5 ± 2.9 mg/l), Na+(70.2 ± 26.8 mg/l), Mg++(24.2 ± 5.05 mg/l), Ca++(32.0 ± 2.83 mg/l), and Na+(70.2 ± 26.8 mg/l) were found to be higher than the FAO threshold level for irrigation. This led to the conclusion that there are now a lot of risks connected to using groundwater for irrigation in the research region. Therefore, stress the necessity of using the area's water quality as a reference for suitable management methods in irrigated agriculture in order to preserve the soil's current productivity and reap the benefits of a high crop yield.

The structural attributes of Gombe Lineaments in relation to Baryte-Fluorite mineralization in the Gongola Sub-basin of the Northern Benue Trough, Nigeria: a study using remote sensing data

Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study focuses on the Gombe Inlier, one of the significant geological features in Nigeria located within the Northern Benue Trough. It aims to provide comprehensive insights into microstructures, particularly examining the correlations between lineaments and faults in both Basement and adjacent sedimentary rocks using remote sensing data. Digital image processing techniques were applied to Landsat-08 OLI and SRTM data for lineament extraction. Field
mapping revealed predominance of Basement Complex rocks, including Granite Gneiss and Pegmatite, alongside Cretaceous Sedimentary Formations. Notable Formations from the Gongola Sub-basin include the Bima, Yolde, Pindiga Formations, and Gombe Sandstones. Baryte and Fluorite deposits have been identified within the research region occurring inform of fracture filling deposits hosted within Granites Gneiss and Sandstones. Geological features such as Faults, Joints, and Veins exhibit structural trends in NE-SW and NW-SE directions, with the presence of the Gombe and Wuro Ladde-Wurin Dole sinistral strike-slip faults which control the mineralization. Satellite imagery analysis identified lineament trends, with NE-SW aligned lineaments denser in Basement rocks. These lineaments (Gombe lineaments) coincide with significant fault zones in Gombe Inlier, suggesting a common tectonic origin. Fracturing patterns in Gombe inlier influence mineralizing fluid movement and controls the mineralization potentials as well as groundwater infiltration in the study area, also posing a risk for engineering constructions due to potential slope failure.

BIM collaborative design: a critical perspectives of technology-supported multidisciplinary practice

Babangida Idi Danfulani, Khaidzir Khairul Anwar Mohamed , Ibrahim Sani Khalil — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Building Information Modelling (BIM) collaborative design provides a platform where all stakeholders work on one single building information model embedded with multiple digital data points for the production and construction information of the building. The platform uses hypercomputer-mediated software for functions like fabrication, assembly, animation, analysis and simulation that are generally referred to as authoring and analysis for integrated project delivery (IPD). No doubt, issues of BIM collaborative design are well established in the literature of technology-supported multidisciplinary practices such as system applications and technologies; information and data management; multidimensional ecosystems and media interactions; and scientific strategies of practice. However, grounded conceptual and conventional design and collaboration requirements are not clearly and adequately represented. Therefore, this study reviewed core design collaboration research articles using content analysis to establish the theoretical framework BIM collaborative design and subsequently established its strength and challenges. 156 out of the 176 published materials on design collaboration from 1950 to date from ScienceDirect under the licences of Bayero University, Kano and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia were selected and reviewed. In addition to the already established BIM collaborative design parameters, the content analysis revealed that; group cognition (cognitive actions and reasoning), knowledge exchange, lateral and vertical transformations were also found relevant in the theoretical framework of BIM collaborative design. The logical argumentation showed that studies on the tacit knowledge problem-solving space such as experience, skills, know-how, group cognition, knowledge transformation; assets and 'ba' are missing in the literature of the BIM framework of collaborative design. Thus, this study concludes that, even though BIM collaborative design has been globally accepted, there is a need to extend its research and support in tacit knowledge problem-solving spaces.

Influence of digital modality on knowledge transformation in BIM design

Babangida Idi Danfulani, Khaidzir Khairul Anwar Mohamed , Sani Muhammad Ali — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

There is no clear understanding as to whether complex design problem-solving activities such as conceptualization, sketching, actions, transformation, and reasoning can be readily circumscribed into Building Information Modeling (BIM) design. This research investigates the phenomenon of collaborative design based on the BIM framework using the protocol study technique. The protocol consists of eight (8) multidisciplinary design teams who are subjected to the use of a digital modality (REVIT) to design a commercial kiosk. A coding scheme based on variables of knowledge transformation is employed to generate empirical data from the design protocols. A 4-point Likert scale was also used to validate the coded segments against the designers' actual intent. Statistical analysis using Chi-Square crosstabulation has established a significant association between the digital modality (Revit) and the variables. The results indicate that the digital modality is statistically different concerning the distributed frequencies and duration of stages 1, 2 and 4 of knowledge transformation in BIM design. It was found that the BIM modality showed properties that may likely impede the high frequency and duration of personal experience, technical knowhow, skills, views, vision, understanding, character, perception, morals and ideas among stakeholders. In conclusion, the study recommends the improvement of the BIM design to support socialisation, externalisation, internalisation, experiential and conceptual knowledge assets, originating ‘ba’ and dialoguing ‘ba’.

Azadirachta indica as an alternative treatment source for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections

Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The emergence and spread of antibacterial strains of pathogenic bacteria pose a significant global health threat. This study assessed the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its susceptibility to Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract. A total of 300 S. aureus isolated from wounds and burns were collected from two hospitals (Yusuf Dan Tsoho general hospital and Barau Dikko teaching hospital) within Kaduna metropolis and were screened for methicillin resistance. Occurrence rates of MRSA were found to be 28% and 18 % for wound and burn isolates, respectively. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica leaf against MRSA isolates using the agar well diffusion method shows positive antibacterial activity, with mean zones of inhibition ranging from 9.97 ± 1.54 mm to 21.94 ± 2.63 mm for wound isolates and 8.53 ± 3.34 mm to 19.31 ± 3.85 mm for burn isolates with The MIC and MBC of the ethanolic extract ranging from 250 mg/ml to 500 mg/ml, indicating bactericidal activity. However, no significant antibacterial activity was recorded against the aqueous extract. The results obtained from this study suggest leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica could serve as a potential source of antibacterial agents for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections.

Effect of annealing temperature on the structural, morphological and optical properties of PbS films deposited using spray pyrolysis technique

J. A. Makko, M. L. Madugu, A. I. Nafada, M. U Kael, M. D. Muhammad — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Lead sulphide (PbS) semiconductor material has attracted a great deal of attention because of its applications in optoelectronics, solar control coatings, gas and humidity sensor and photo electrochemical solar cells. PbS polycrystalline thin films prepared by the spray pyrolysis technique was deposited onto glass substrates at a substrate temperature of 300oC and was annealed at 300◦C and 400◦C. The solution containing Pb precursors was used to obtain good quality film deposits at optimized parameters. The characterization of these films was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-VIS) to explore the structural, morphological and optical properties of the PbS films respectively. The prepared films are crystalline in nature and well adhered to the substrates. The films are polycrystalline with preferred orientation along the 200 cubic phase. The optical properties were determined from ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy measurements in the absorbance energy range 200–800 nm. The UV-visible analysis shows the band gap value of the annealed PbS thin films as 3.6 eV which makes it suitable for window layer in photovoltaic devices. The micrographs revealed that PbS thin films are polycrystalline and uniformly distributed.

Assessment of metformin floating tablets: natural-synthetic polymer combinations as excipients for enhanced formulation

S. A. Maikifi, N. Damodharan, G. O1. Okpanachi , A. R. Oduola — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study focuses on optimizing a gastric floating tablet formulation designed specifically for Metformin HCl to improve the management of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The formulation strategy combines natural and synthetic polymers, for a sustained- release (SR) prepared using wet granulation. The tablet contains Metformin HCl and a synergistic blend of sodium alginate and synthetic polymer (HPMC K4M). Methodological preparations involved rigorous evaluations to ensure adherence to required parameters. Results indicated that a batch with an HPMC K4M to sodium alginate (M7) ratio of 3:1 demonstrated optimal performance. Key findings included significant drug release, with over 90% of Metformin liberated within 8 hours in vitro, a swelling index exceeding 100% within 5 hours, and sustained buoyancy in simulated gastric fluid for over 10 hours. The integration of synthetic polymer enhances cost-effectiveness and reproducibility, while the natural polymer ensures biodegradability and reduces toxicity concerns. This optimized formulation of the Metformin floating tablet shows promise for further analysis and potential commercialization. Its attributes represent an advancement in type 2 DM management, providing favorable drug elease kinetics and gastric buoyancy. Thus, it introduces a novel therapeutic approach to diabetes care.

Comparative study of the effect of different drying methods on physicochemical properties of tomatoes

Olaniyi Hammed Salaudeen, Paul Abuh Omale, Izuchukwu Augustus Daraojimba — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study was conducted in the Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Laboratory to compare the effect of drying methods on physico-chemical properties of tomato (Solanumly copersicum). Two drying methods at two different temperatures 50 ⁰C and 100 ⁰C on two varieties of tomatoes were carried out. The two varieties were processed into powdered form and some of the physico-chemical properties (moisture content, pH, protein, crude ash, soluble solids, and ascorbic acid) were tested. At 50 ⁰C, moisture content ranged from 7.85 – 8.08, protein ranged from 11.04 – 12.12, pH ranged from 5.58 – 5.92, crude ash ranged from 8.70 -
12.02, soluble solids ranged from 1.42 – 1.78 and ascorbic acid ranged from 6.55 – 7.49 while at 100 ⁰C moisture content ranged from 6.90 – 7.41, protein ranged from 10.12 – 10.79, pH ranged from 5.27 – 5.36, crude ash ranged from 9.50 - 9.93, soluble solids ranged from 1.84 – 2.10 and ascorbic acid ranged from 8.59 – 9.23. The analysis of variance was done on this experimental result and it was discovered that variety, drying methods and drying temperature all had significant effects on the investigated physico-chemical roperties of tomato powder at (p<0.05. From the result generated from the different varieties and the different drying methods used it
suggests that the oven drying method is better amongst the two drying methods because it retained more percentages of the physico-chemical properties than the microwave method but they are both safe for human consumption.

A scoping review on building energy modelling

Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Energy performance in buildings may now be defined during the design phase thanks to recent advancements in dynamic energy modeling technologies. However, variations in weather data processing, non-identical inputs, calculation mistakes, implementation issues, and algorithms exist throughout building energy simulation (BES) systems. Building energy modeling in many contexts during a building's life cycle is all covered in the literature this study reviewed. The goals of building performance simulation in practice, solutions achieved through building performance simulation, and the building industry were all explored in this research. One of the main topics is building performance simulation which needs to be addressed in the future. Four characteristics may be used to describe the problems and prospects of building performance simulation: obtaining high-quality data via innovative software or hardware technologies, quick and efficient modeling and optimization methods, and intelligence enhancement in large-scale modeling techniques like urban simulation and building design and operation workflows. The barriers outlined above will give rise to different kinds of theoretical or engineering problems in different building energy modeling application scenarios. The goal of engineers in business and researchers in academia is to find or enhance answers to these problems.

Improving thermal and energy performance of residential buildings in Nigeria by developing and using eco-friendly and sustainable local materials

Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The effort to consume more energy inside buildings is driven by the extraordinarily high temperatures and intense sunlight which is a problem in most developing countries, especially those in tropical climates like Nigeria. This study investigates how locally produced, environmentally friendly materials enhance the energy and thermal efficiency of residential structures in Nigeria. The study adopted a literature approach, and the outcome shows that sustainable local materials such as wood, bamboo, straw bales, earth, clay brick, stone, timber, and laterite have the advantage of accessibility, biodegradability, energy effectiveness, reusability, thermal comfort, and ozone friendliness, as such the use of these materials develops and optimise the thermal and energy performance of residences. As a result, residential structures may use resources more efficiently, have less impact on the environment, and perform better; economically, environmentally, and socially. The study recommended that that residential buildings need to continually adapt to technology breakthroughs, and regulatory and legal requirements to meet the dynamics of the built environment to develop and improve thermal and energy performance and sustainability in buildings.

Fractionation and characterization of natural antibacterial compounds from Euphorbia hirta Linn (Asthma Plant)

G. O. Ojediran, O. Ojediran, O.Y. Titilawo, Z. Shehu, M.A. Titilawo — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Euphorbia hirta Linn (asthma plant) has for long been utilized as an herbal medicine globally in remedying and curing many an infection and disease in humans. Different parts of Euphorbia hirta for instance roots, leaves, saps, stems, flowers have been employed in ethnomedicine as it possesses a broad range of biological and pharmacological activities. The objective of this research study was to fractionate and characterize the natural antibacterial compounds from Euphorbia hirta plant. In the course of work, three different extracts (methanol, n-hexane and aqueous) of the plant were subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis and the result signified the presence of metabolites. Crude extracts of the plant were tested against Escherichia coli, Klebsilla pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus by the cup plate agar diffusion assay method to explore the anti-microbial activity for its therapeutic applications. The plant exhibited an extensive antibiotic activity against the tested bacteria, calculated by measuring diameters of the zone with no microbial growth. The structure of compounds obtained from sample fractions through Column Chromatography were established using a combination of FT-IR and GC-MS. The following functional groups were detected; C-H vibration stretching at 2950cm^-1 and 2974cm^-1, CH2 bend at 1424cm^-1, 1452cm^-1 and 1454cm^-1, C-H (stretch aliphatic) at 2917cm^-1 and 2889cm^-1, C-O (esters) at 1296cm^-1, 1274cm^-1 and 1275cm^-1, C=O (carboxylic) at 1703cm^-1, 1654cm^-1 and 1714cm^-1.The peaks obtained from GC-MS compared with corresponding library hits showed that the major compounds were vinyl laurate, monoethylhexyl phthalate and lauric acid triglyceride. From the results of this study, Euphorbia hirta plant can be a potential source of useful antibiotic drug.

Comparative analysis of oil obtained from moringa and neem seeds

L. Garba, A.A. Mahmoud, D. E. A. Boryo, A. Abubakar, Z. A. Abdullahi — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study reports the extraction of oil from moringa and neem seeds using soxhlet extractor and the production of biodiesel from the two oils extracted and compared with fossil diesel in terms of physico-chemical properties and cost of production. The biodiesels were produced by transesterification reaction with alcoholic KOH at 90⁰C temperature. From the results obtained it was found that the yield of biodiesel from moringa seed oil (48%) is less when compared with that neem seed oil (52%). It was found that the chemical properties of moringa and neem oils were, such as saponification, (196, 182) iodine value, (62.51, 83.4) specific gravity (0.71, 0.94) peroxide value, (1.22, 1.07) acid value, (0.62, 0.47) density, (0.72, 0.81) viscosity, (2.3, 4.2) when compared with the ASTM D 445 standard limit. The physical properties of the raw extracted oil and the biodiesel produced for moringa, neem and fossil diesel for flash point (149°C, 111°C, and 97°C), pour point (8°C, 5°C and 7°C) and cloud point (16°C, 9°C and 7°C) comparatively with the standard fossil fuel. The FT-IR result revealed the presence of SP3 C-H (stretch) at 2923.81 cm^-1, C=O stretching vibration at 1746.67 cm^-1 indicating the presence of carbonyl group, stretch vibrations at 3007.32 cm-¹ showing the presence of aromatic SP2 C-H. Also HC=O stretching at 2853.67 cm^-1 was observed indicating the presence of aldehyde, the presence of HC =CH bend at 667.24 cm^-1 indicates the presence of alkenes. The peak observed at 3564.19 cm^-1 indicates the presence of O-H, the peak observed at 1195.50 cm^-1 was assigned to C-O bend indicating the presence of carboxylic acid/esters. The moringa biodiesel contain more of fatty acids and the neem biodiesel contain more of esters due to esterification of the neem oil as revealed by through GC-MS spectrum of the neem oil. The neem oil cannot contain fatty acid due to the absent of the O-H (stretch) band on its FT-IR spectrum. The relative quantification was obtained from the chromatogram of both oil in GC-MS spectrum. The result showed that neem oil could be uses as an alternative to fossil diesel if large scale of production is employ.

An assessment of groundwater quality of Ashaka and environs, Gombe, North Eastern Nigeria, using Water Quality Index technique

Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study assesses the quality of the groundwater in Ashaka and environs using the Water Quality Index (WQI) with a view of determining the suitability of the water for public use. WQI is a technique that uses numbers to portray the quality of water of a given area within a given time based on the level of concentration of selected water quality parameters. This research considered fifteen (15) parameters, including pH, TH, EC, TDS, Mg⁺², Ca⁺², K⁺, Na⁺, SO₄^-2, Fe²⁺, HCO₃^-, Cl^-, NO₃^-, PO₄^-, and F^-, for the computation of the WQI. Fifty water samples were utilized for the WQI and the values were in the range of 34.78 to 820.76, with an average of 122.40. Fourteen percent (7 samples) of the samples exhibited excellent water quality, Thirty-six percent (18 samples) were classified as good quality water, Forty-four percent (22 samples) were categorized as poor quality water, Four percent (2 samples) were identified as very poor quality water, and Two percent (1 sample) were deemed unfit for consumption. the good water quality are found around northern part where as the poor quality water are mostly concentrated at the southern portion of the study area. The poor WQI observed in the area can be a result of high levels of TDS, and elevated concentrations of Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Sulphate, Nitrate, and TH, exceeding the WHO recommended values for drinking water. The presence of these ions in high concentrations could be a result of applications of fertilizer for agricultural activities and limestone blasting for industrial activities.

Comparison of the empirical performance of Minisat and GSAT Solvers on SATLIB benchmark

A. J. Kawu, G. M. Wajiga, Y. M. Malgwi — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this study, the effectiveness of Minisat(Minimal SAT solver) and Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search (GSAT, Simulated Annealing option) solvers is compared on a number of SATLIB Benchmark problems. Gaining understanding of their effectiveness in resolving SAT cases was the main objective, with an emphasis on application and randomly generated instances. The experimentation showed that Minisat performed better than GSAT in every case, proving to have better solution abilities. A 2.40GHz Core i5 CPU, fitted in a Dell Latitude E7470 laptop, was used for the experiments. All things considered, this research helps to compare the strengths and weaknesses of the GSAT and Minisat solvers and provides insightful information about SAT problem-solving techniques.

Hybrid ensemble machine learning approach for cancer prediction

Mohammed Ajuji, Abdulkadir Abubakar Lamido, Maigari Jungudo, Ahmad J. Kawu — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Cancer has been one of the major health challenges worldwide in recent times, with millions of new cases and even fatalities recorded annually. Several studies were conducted previously to detect cancer using various machine learning. Here, the hybrid ensemble model has not been extensively considered. As a result, this work constructed a hybrid ensemble model by combining multiple individual models such as random forest, gradient boost, and logistics regression also known as base learners or weak learners, to create a more powerful and robust model known as the hybrid ensemble model. The foremost objective of ensemble model design is to leverage the diversity and complementary strengths of base learners to improve overall predictive performance. The study revealed that hybrid ensemble machine-learning models consistently outperformed single models in terms of prediction accuracy and precision. The proposed ensemble model achieved a sensitivity, specificity, Area Under the Curve (AUC), precision, F1-score 0.92, 1.0, 0.98, 1.0, 0.98 respectively, and accuracy of approximately 0.97. To further check the stability of the model, we carried out a cross- validation, and an average accuracy of 96.072% was obtained. The proposed hybrid ensemble model will help predict cancer patients’ to save lives altogether and preclude being taken for granted.

Hydraulic evaluation of urban drainage system for flash floods in Abeokuta, Nigeria

A. Sobowale, E. D. Adegbenro, A. T. Mustapha — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Flash floods are rapid-onset floods typically caused by intense rainfall over a short period, often exacerbated by factors like urbanization and deforestation. This study presents a hydraulic evaluation of the urban drainage system in Olorunsogo, Abeokuta, Ogun State, focused on assessing its capacity and efficiency. Measurements of the width, depth, and length of the drains were conducted to determine their total volume. The system's adequacy was evaluated using a drain ratio, which compares the drain volume to the catchment area's runoff volume, expressing the system's capacity to manage runoff. The study found that the total volume is estimated at 46,094.09 m3. The drainage system could only accommodate a limited portion of runoff generated over time. Within one hour, it could handle 32.06%, increasing to 64.13% after two hours, and reaching 96.2% in three hours. However, a significant volume of runoff, up to 737,505.44 m3, would still overwhelm the system in heavy rainfall events lasting over three hours, leading to potential flooding. The study highlights the limitations of the urban drainage system in Olorunsogo, Abeokuta, Ogun State, in managing runoff, particularly during heavy rainfall events. Appropriate recommendation such as implementing floodplain evacuation and a 200 m setback limit, demolishing buildings in high-risk areas, and redesigning the drainage system for improved flash flood management were given for practical adaptation.

Metabolite propile of Cassia occidentalis leaves extract using proton NMR (¹H NMR) and LC-MS molecular network analysis and its antimicrobial activity

Zainab Abdullahi , Kobi, Rejoice Atiko, Hamza Ahmed Pantami — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The research focuses on profiling the metabolites in Cassia occidentalis leaves using ¹HNMR and LC-MS molecular network analysis, alongside evaluating its antimicrobial properties. The plant, known for its medicinal use in treating various diseases according to traditional herbalists, has been less explored using LC-MS molecular network analysis. The leaves were air- dried, extracted with methanol, and subjected to antibacterial activity test using various concentrations obtained from serial dilutions (200 mg/ml, 300 mg/ml, 400 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml and 600 mg/ml) and the test organisms was escherisha coli, salmonela specie, staphylococcus aureus, proteus, klebstella pneumoneae, shegella specie, pseudomonas, and entrobacter aerogenosa). The metabolite profile of Cassia occidentalis leaves extract was established by subjecting the sample to ¹H-NMR analysis and LC-MS molecular network analysis. The antimicrobial tests demonstrated positive effects against all tested organisms at different concentrations. Proton NMR and LC-MS analyses revealed the presence of secondary metabolites, including apigenin, oleic acid, linolenic acid, lignoceric acid, 5, 7-dihydroxy flavone, mannitol, arachidic acid, leucine, valine, and alanine. This study adds literature information on C. occidentalis, emphasizing its antimicrobial properties and providing novel insights through LC-MS molecular network analysis.

A state of art on pedestrian simulation model based on heuristic search algorithm

K. A. Bakare , A. Salahudeen , A. I. Busari — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A pedestrian algorithm has been used across many areas mostly in prediction such as software testing, artificial intelligence and autonomous vehicle predictions and is mostly used to consider the effect of on pedestrians’ future motion behaviors. This paper present narrative reviews different heuristic search algorithms for pedestrian prediction in the domains mentioned above. Additionally, this paper explores Heuristic Search Algorithms used in Pedestrian Simulation Models, and how can Heuristic Search Algorithms be Feasible in Spatial Layout Design Elements for Pedestrian Flow. Basic guidelines of conducting narrative review were followed. Articles outside the scope of the paper were excluded. A total 17 peer-reviewed articles from google scholar and research gate databases were identified in the search. 4 articles were included in the final review as they met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, this paper not only presents a comprehensive overview of heuristic search algorithms in pedestrian simulation models but also underscores the critical role of predictive algorithms in shaping the future of pedestrian dynamics. By identifying research gaps and proposing directions for more effective definition of interacting agents in pedestrian algorithms, this study sets the stage for transformative advancements in heuristic-based pedestrian prediction and spatial design elements.

Evaluation of small fauna species of Biu Waterfall, Nigerian Army University, Borno State

Lawal Muhammed Shittu — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research was carried out to determine the relative abundance and distribution of small and micro fauna species in Biu waterfall couple with their physiochemical parameters in Nigeria Army University Campus. Research was done within three months. Data samples were taken via observation, use of different types of traps/nets, trap-camera and plankton nets at regular intervals. Laboratory analysis of the water and zooplankton species was carried in accordance with standard scientific method and taxonomy keys. Statistical tool used are t-Test and Standard Deviation at (0.05) using SPSS. Macrofauna species found are: Senila senilis), Portunidae, Pelusios spp, Grayia spp, and small fish (Tilapia zilli, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Claria gariepinus). Other fauna are: Bufo regularis, Ostracods Eucypris virens, Lubricus spp and Sphaeridae. Macroinvertebrate insects were collected with highest value of abundance and distribution (48.7%) whereas Copecoda and Rotifer representing zooplankton had the least (2.7%). Also, intensive agrochemicals farming, active fishing and open waste dumping were observed. Monthly mean of Temperature (24.08⁰C ± 0.23 - 27.00C ± 0.06), pH (7.32±0.04 – 8.49±0.26), Dissolved Oxygen (7.94±0.04 mg/l– 8.37±0.02 mg/l), respectively. These values falls within National recommended range. It is therefore suggested that extensive researches /networking with indigenes will improve use of aquatic ecosystem for conservation goals.

Assessment of detritus decaying/mineralization base on weight in terrestrial farmland of Nigerian Army University Biu, Borno State

Lawal Muhammed Shittu, Goodness Bulus — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Detritus/dead organic matter decaying and recycling in ecosystem requires wildspecies called detritivore. This research focuses on detritivores activities in different soil types in heavily cultivated farmland. Four soil samples were used. Detritus size was weighed and re- weighed after three months of experiment. One-way ANOVA and Fischer’s Least Significant Difference (LSD) were employed to determine the rate of activities of detritivores in all the sixteen pots used for the experiment. 15N Isotope pool dilution techniques was employed to determine mineralization rate in the soil. Loamy soil has highest detritivore activities and nutrification, whereas clay has the least. Soil types have significant effects on detritus breakdown and mineralization. Fischer’s LSD follow-up test (0.05) was 1.1 indicating variation in the rate of decaying of each soil types. Detritivores composition observed and recorded during this study were eighty percent of arthropods and twenty percent other animals. Also noted are heavy farming activities constitutes limiting factors to detritivores abundance and affecting rate of decaying and nutrients release in the study. Wildspecies (detritivores) are naturally responsible for releasing stored-up nutrients in detritus through decaying process and this unique role occurs in every ecosystems.

Impacts of some meteorological parameters on diffuse solar radiation across the coastal region of Nigeria

Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the interplay between meteorological parameters and diffuse solar radiation across various coastal locations. A key finding is the inverse relationship between atmospheric pressure and diffuse solar radiation which implies that higher atmospheric pressure correlates with lower diffuse solar radiation and vice versa. Additionally, mean temperature tends to give a reflection of diffuse solar radiation patterns, suggesting higher diffuse solar radiation with elevated temperatures. Seasonal analysis reveals distinct variations in diffuse solar radiation across locations: Warri experiences its peak (10.6298 MJm^-2day^-1) in March and a dip in July (8.3896 MJm^-2day^-1); Benin observes its highest level in April (10.7804 MJm^-2day^-1) and lowest in December (8.5304 MJm^-2day^-1); the maximum value for Ikeja was found in March (10.4285 MJm^-2day^-1) and minimum in December (8.4420 MJm^-2day^-1) occur during the dry season; and Ogoja records its highest in March (10.9047 MJm^-2day^-1) and lowest in December (7.8235 MJm^-2day^-1).This indicates significant seasonal impact on solar radiation in these coastal regions. The highest and lowest monthly averaged mean diffuse solar radiation was recorded in Ogoja and Ikeja respectively.

Arithmetic return model for removing autocorrelation from statistical process control data exhibiting Geometric Brownian Motion

B. P. Chajire, I. J. Dike, S. S. Abdulkadir, E. Torsen — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The presence of positive autocorrelation in a controlled process is a major problem especially when traditional quality control charts are to be used in monitoring the process. This is because the two major assumptions in using the traditional control charts are that the process data are independently and normally distributed. In this work, a novel method of removing autocorrelation from data exhibiting Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) is proposed. This GBM is autoregressive of order AR(1). A chemical process dataset and furnace temperature dataset were transformed to Arithmetic Return model (ARM). The fitted ARM for both datasets were fitted and residuals obtained from both datasets were subjected to DW test for the presence of positive autocorrelation. Initial Durbin Watson’s (DW) test result for both processes before the transformation were 0.0538 and 1.5045 respectively which indicated the presence of positive autocorrelation. Final DW test results from the ARM transformation were 2.0047 and 1.7848 respectively indicating that positive autocorrelation was removed from both datasets. The proposed method is simple to understand and easy to use provided that the process data is GBM and autocorrelation is the major concern.

Phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants used in the treatment of malaria infection in Billiri and Funakaye Local Government Areas of Gombe State

J. L. Daniel , P. Vandi , G. Chessed, M. Umar, A. I. Yusuf — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The survey research was carried out to identify the plants used in the treatment of malaria fever in Funakaye and Billiri Local Government Areas of Gombe state, Nigeria. Traditional healers and elderly people of these areas were visited and interviewed on medicinal plants used by them. A semi structured questionnaire and open ended conversation was employed. The interview and discussions was conducted in Hausa language being a common language used by the people in the study areas. Several trips was made to the sites where they usually go to harvest the plants. Data on the common names of the plants and parts used was recorded on the field. Plants names were identified using a field key to the Savannah trees of Nigeria. A total of nine (9) plants were identified based on the usage, availability and acceptability in these wards. Carica papaya (Paw paw/Gwanda) and Khaya grandifoliola (Mahogany/Madachi) was common to the locals in Billiri Local government area, while the other plants are common in both local governments areas. All plant samples were air dried at room temperature for three weeks after which, they were taken to an electric grinding machine where the engine was properly washed and dried to avoid contamination. The plant samples were grounded to the required texture. Phytochemical analysis using aqueous and ethanol extractions revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, saponins glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids and phenols in various quantity. These medicinal plants are common and qualitative analysis showed that they contained properties which has antimicrobial effects.

First-principles study of electronic and nonlinear optical properties of halides and rubidium halides substituted Anthracene diimide

Njapba S. Augustine, Buba Barsisa — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study reports the density functional theory calculations of UV-Visible, HOMO-LUMO energy band gap as measure of reactivity, nonlinear optical properties and natural bond orbital properties of novel Anthracene diimide derivatives. The UV-Visible absorption peak resulting from electronic transitions HOMO-LUMO observed to be the highest among others for ADI-Rb₂I₂ occurs at 77.94 nm is also in good agreement with the experimental value. The HOMO-LUMO energy band gap has been found to be reasonably small ≈ 0.54 eV. The total frequency-dependent polarizability for RHF method is remarkably positive and far greater than the values obtained using B3LYP functional. This variation in the total frequency-dependent polarizability is due to the sensitivity of the nonlinear optical property to the functional. Our calculation of total static first order hyperpolarizability with RHF method and B3LYP functional are approximately 1.9, 28, 73, 161, 2309, 0.08, 26, 35, 44, 53, 114, and 454 many times greater than the standard compound Urea. These results indicate that Anthracene diimide substituted halides and rubidium halides are suitable for nonlinear optical applications. Natural bond orbital analysis reveals that donor LP (3) O22→π*(N₂₄-C₂₈) acceptor interactions corresponds to the highest second order perturbation energy E2 = 111.11 kcal/mol associated with electron delocalization.

Screening for metabolites in earthworms exposed to polluted landfill dumpsites using LCMS in Gombe Metropolis

Abubakar Aliyu, Hamza Ahmed Pantami, Zainab Adamu Abubakar — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Metabolomics is now the state of an art used to study environmental effects such as environmental stress, pollution and climate change on the health of living organisms that lives in an environment. The study aimed to screen metabolites in earthworms exposed to polluted landfills dumpsites via identification of metabolites present in the earthworm (Bio indicators) and identify to compare metabolites found in different earthworm groups using LCMS metabolomics. Metabolites were extracted from earthworms as whole organism extracts; earthworms were washed with distilled water, flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and homogenized by bead-beating using mortar and pestle in 1 mL of (50:50) cold methanol/water. The content were transferred into eppendorf tube (2ml) and vortexed for (1min), centrifuged at 1800 rpm for 20 min, and the supernatant were transferred to a new tube for cleanup with 500 μL of ice-cold chloroform. The aqueous layer were dried and stored at −4°C. All samples collected were subjected to gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The RAW LC-MS data were three replicate from two dumpsites; Liji landfill dumpsite labelled L1, L2, and L3, Inex cleaners limited dump sites opposite FCE (T) Gombe labelled F1, F2, and F3. The platform, MZ mine software version 2.53 was used to processed data for LC MS based metabolomics. The outcome of this research shows the potential marker compounds that brought about the separation of the groups Liji dumpsite (L) and Inex cleaners dumpsite (F) by PC1 and PC2. It was observed that most of the identified compounds belong to (F) dumpsite, with few belonging to (L) dumpsite. The VIP metabolites which were considered as most-ranked metabolites were: 4Z,7Z,9E,11E,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosaheptaenoic acid, 1-Phenyl-1,3-dodecanedione, 5-(10'-Phenyldecyl)-Resorcinol, Beta-estradiol and 1-(7Z,10Z,13Zhexadecatrienoyl)-3-O-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol.

The petrology of granitoid rocks of Kariya and Environs, Bauchi Province, Northeastern, Nigeria

Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study area received less attention from earlier workers which they consider the rocks as older granites that were barren, but this study show the rocks are part of migmatite Complex and horst mineralized pegmatites. Detailed field mapping and sampling was conducted in order to identify and record the physical features of the rocks. Petrographic studies were also carried out to elucidate their mineralogy and structural features. Field investigations and petrographic studies reveal that the rocks in the study area are metamorphic rocks based on certain structures observed, some of the structures include ptygmatic folding, crenulation cleavage, pinch and swell, undulus extinction and pleochroic halo which are characteristics of metamorphic rocks. Therefore, the area was found to be underlained by migmatite rocks which were classified as banded orthogneiss, straumatic, and nebulitic migmatites and some intrusion of younger granites. Tin, tantalite, tourmaline, lithium and corundum mineralization were inferred.

The effect of Trichoderma species on the vegetative growth phase of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Gombe State

Zainab Adamu Abubakar, A.U Ibrahim , D. Kulawe , B. J. Ibrahim — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The novel technologies in all areas of agriculture have improved agricultural production, but some modern practices affect the environment. The recent challenge faced by advanced farming is to achieve higher yields in environment-friendly manner. Thus, there is an immediate need to find eco-friendly solutions such as wider application of biocontrol agents. Among various types of species being used as biocontrol agents, including fungi and bacteria, fungal genus Trichoderma produces different kinds of enzymes which play a major role in biocontrol activity like degradation of cell wall, tolerance to biotic or abiotic stresses, hyphal growth etc. This experiment was conducted to find out the effects of Trichoderma viride on growth and yield of rice in Gombe State during May 2019 – September 2019. The experiment consisted of four treatments; (T1: NPK; T2: NPK CONTROL; T3: Trichoderma; T4: Trichoderma Control) laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The results showed that Trichoderma viride increased the plant height by 4.6 %, root weight (1.5 %), number of grains (3.8 %), grain yield (36.5 %) and biomass yield (2.7 %) over control; while root length (17.4 %), tiller number (10.8%) highlighted the negative impact of T. viride on rice plant. T. viride displayed antagonism with inorganic fertilizer. When T. viride and NPK were accompanied with manure, most of the growth and yield parameter showed the highest value. Though Trichoderma viride decreases several growth parameters, it still can be used as biofertilizer which increases the grain yield. Using T. viride with a full dose of NPK during sowing stage may not be efficient and economical in terms of productivity. Introducing farmyard manure to T. viride gives better yield than T. viride.

Prediction of monthly mean surface air temperature using SARIMA in Jos North, Plateau State, Nigeria

Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Fluctuation in temperature causes an untold hardship to human, animals and plants. In this study, the forecasting model was developed using the Seasonal Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model, which is based on the Box-Jenkins system. The monthly mean temperature data for Jos city was acquired from Meteorology and Climatology unit of the Geography Department University of Jos within the period thirty two years (January 1986 to December 2023), The SARIMA model most appropriate orders were determined using the autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions for time series results. The monthly mean Temperature was used to verify the validity of these models. Statistical criteria such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and R-square (R²) were used to measure the model's accuracy and compare them. The model SARIMA(4,1,6)(2,1,2)¹² was chosen as the most reliable model and was used in predicting the monthly mean temperature for the study area.

An in-depth study of oil spill detection using various machine learning techniques

Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Oil spills represent a significant threat to marine environments, causing ecological disasters and disrupting marine life cycles. This paper explores the environmental impact of oil spills, tracing their origins to the 1960s with the rise of supertankers. Despite stringent regulations, an annual transport of one million metric tons of oil into seas highlights the ongoing risk. To address this, the study proposes a structured approach for oil spill detection, encompassing data acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, and machine learning classification. The analysis emphasizes the diminishing occurrence of significant oil slicks, attributing this trend partly to regulatory efforts. The study highlights the growing role of deep learning in precise oil spill detection and calls for future research to address challenges, explore simplified detection techniques, and compare computational performance with traditional methods. This study summarizes the classification of modern ways for recognizing oil spills, as well as how machine learning techniques are applied to solve the problem through presentation and analysis. Conversely, discuss the benefits and drawbacks of these researches. In addition to indicating potential avenues for further investigation to advance the detection of oil spills.

Comparison of Bayesian and classical approaches of logistic regression in modeling risk of preterm birth in Nasarawa State of Nigeria

E. J. Olugbo, M. O. Adenomon, N. O. Nweze — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The accuracy of a predictive model is crucial in various fields, including classification tasks. One commonly used method for classification is logistic regression, which relies on maximumlikelihood estimation. However, there is growing interest in exploring the use of Bayesian logistic regression as an alternative approach. This interest stems from the advantages offered by the Bayesian network approach, which allows for explicit modeling of feature dependencies and the introduction of hidden nodes. Furthermore, Bayesian inference can be associated with cognitive processes, making it a potentially powerful tool for analyzing complex data. In a comparative analysis, both classical and Bayesian logistic regression models were evaluated for their performance in classification tasks using data collected from a hospital based retrospective study on postpartum mothers and their babies is confined to Two (2) Tertiary Facilities and Three (3) Secondary Facilities across the three (3) Senatorial Zones of Nasarawa state, Nigeria. The Cohort design is adopted for the study. Model prediction Measures such as R-Square, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) were used. Model Performance Measures such as Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 Score, Area Under Curve (AUC) were also used. Conclusively, The Bayesian Logistic Regression Model outperforms the classical Logistic Regression Model across all evaluated metrics. It demonstrates higher accuracy, precision, recall, F1-Score, and AUC, indicating better overall predictive performance.

Environmental occurrence, toxicity and mitigation strategies of micro-plastics in the aquatic ecosystem

U. S. Jacob, I. A. Isangedighi, O. A. Akangbe , U. E. Jonah — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The occurrence of micro-plastics in aquatic ecosystems significantly impact the structure, organism functions, and aesthetic values of the ecosystem. Here, an extensive search of databases uch as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online was conducted to gather relevant research reports on microplastics. Microplastics are typically classified into primary and secondary microplastics originating from microbeads used in cosmetics, the ship-breaking industry, fertilizers, and indiscriminate plastics waste disposal. Plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems poses a serious threat to aquatic organisms through entanglement, ingestion, and exposure to toxic plastic additives. The toxic effect Plastic additives can lead to oxidative stress, gastrointestinal obstruction, translocation, and trophic transfer. Bisphenol-A and phthalates, critical components of plastic, have serious endocrine- disrupting effects on organisms. Mitigation strategies to reduce plastic and microplastic pollution require interventions from governments at all levels to establish effective waste management programs, policies, and regulations. Designing eco-friendly and biodegradable plastic products is crucial for effective plastic waste management. Furthermore, remediating contaminated environments using eco-friendly methods is essential to address microplastic pollution in the aquatic ecosystem without imposing severe ecological risks.

An investigation of physicochemical parameters of Gongola River Corridors in Gombe State, Nigeria

Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study investigated the physicochemical parameters of water from Gongola river corridors, Gombe State. In-situ measurements were conducted and the pH ranged between 6.27 ± 0.11 – 7.60 ± 0.02. The pH found in dry season is lower than the recommended limit indicating slightly acidic to a little bit above neutral condition of the river water. Contrarily, the range of Electrical conductivity (EC) (237.50±2.12 - 730.50±25.11μS/cm), Total dissolved solids (TDS) (111.75±1.76mg/L – 365.25±12.55 mg/L), Turbidity (3.25±0.83NTU – 13.39±2.82NTU), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (1.91±0.33mg/L – 4.54±0.55 mg/L) and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) (1.91±0.33mg/L – 4.54±0.55 mg/L) found wet and dry season increased significantly in Almakashi and Gwani from the reference location. Furthermore, the range of the mean concentration of the chemical parameters of nitrate, phosphate, sulphate and chloride were 9.33 ± 2.46mg/L-1.18±1.25mg/L, 0.09±0.01 mg/L - 0.80±0.110 mg/L, 5.18 ±3 .16 mg/L-29.80 ± 13.22 mg/L and 37.70±8.45mg/L- 168.72 ± 26.30mg/L respectively in which the highest values found in early wet season. The pH decreased from the reference river to the two sampling locations of Almakashi and Gwani rivers. All the chemical parameters examined in the Balanga dam (Reference River) differed significantly compared to the sampling locations of Almakashi and Gwani; though, it is within the recommended limit. There is need for regulation of activities that alters the physicochemical parameters of the water.

Bima Journal of Science and Technology

Management of bacterial wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using some plant resistance activators

Review of livestock semen extension and cryopreservation of spermatozoa

Activities of Acalypha indica Linn (Euphorbiaceae): a concise review of its phytochemical constituents and ethnomedicinal uses

Analysis of landforms distribution in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria

Assessment of groundwater suitability for irrigation in Dadin-Kowa, Yamaltu Deba LGA, Gombe State, Nigeria

The structural attributes of Gombe Lineaments in relation to Baryte-Fluorite mineralization in the Gongola Sub-basin of the Northern Benue Trough, Nigeria: a study using remote sensing data

BIM collaborative design: a critical perspectives of technology-supported multidisciplinary practice

Influence of digital modality on knowledge transformation in BIM design

Azadirachta indica as an alternative treatment source for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections

Effect of annealing temperature on the structural, morphological and optical properties of PbS films deposited using spray pyrolysis technique

Assessment of metformin floating tablets: natural-synthetic polymer combinations as excipients for enhanced formulation

Comparative study of the effect of different drying methods on physicochemical properties of tomatoes

A scoping review on building energy modelling

Improving thermal and energy performance of residential buildings in Nigeria by developing and using eco-friendly and sustainable local materials

Fractionation and characterization of natural antibacterial compounds from Euphorbia hirta Linn (Asthma Plant)

Comparative analysis of oil obtained from moringa and neem seeds

An assessment of groundwater quality of Ashaka and environs, Gombe, North Eastern Nigeria, using Water Quality Index technique

Comparison of the empirical performance of Minisat and GSAT Solvers on SATLIB benchmark

Hybrid ensemble machine learning approach for cancer prediction

Hydraulic evaluation of urban drainage system for flash floods in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Metabolite propile of Cassia occidentalis leaves extract using proton NMR (1H NMR) and LC-MS molecular network analysis and its antimicrobial activity

A state of art on pedestrian simulation model based on heuristic search algorithm

Evaluation of small fauna species of Biu Waterfall, Nigerian Army University, Borno State

Assessment of detritus decaying/mineralization base on weight in terrestrial farmland of Nigerian Army University Biu, Borno State

Impacts of some meteorological parameters on diffuse solar radiation across the coastal region of Nigeria

Arithmetic return model for removing autocorrelation from statistical process control data exhibiting Geometric Brownian Motion

Phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants used in the treatment of malaria infection in Billiri and Funakaye Local Government Areas of Gombe State

First-principles study of electronic and nonlinear optical properties of halides and rubidium halides substituted Anthracene diimide

Screening for metabolites in earthworms exposed to polluted landfill dumpsites using LCMS in Gombe Metropolis

The petrology of granitoid rocks of Kariya and Environs, Bauchi Province, Northeastern, Nigeria

The effect of Trichoderma species on the vegetative growth phase of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Gombe State

Prediction of monthly mean surface air temperature using SARIMA in Jos North, Plateau State, Nigeria

An in-depth study of oil spill detection using various machine learning techniques

Comparison of Bayesian and classical approaches of logistic regression in modeling risk of preterm birth in Nasarawa State of Nigeria

Environmental occurrence, toxicity and mitigation strategies of micro-plastics in the aquatic ecosystem

An investigation of physicochemical parameters of Gongola River Corridors in Gombe State, Nigeria

Metabolite propile of Cassia occidentalis leaves extract using proton NMR (¹H NMR) and LC-MS molecular network analysis and its antimicrobial activity