Insecticidal Activity of Azadirachta indica, Lantana camara and Citrus aurantifolia Extracts Against The Malaria Vector Mosquito (Anopheles Gambiae s l.) in Bauchi State, North- Eastern Nigeria

Abstract

Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with millions of deaths recorded annually. In Africa, it poses a significant epidemiological burden, hindering economicdevelopment. In Nigeria, malaria is the most prevalent parasitic disease, affecting 90%of the population (over 140 million people). It accounts for 63% of reported cases in healthcarefacilities, 30% of childhood deaths, 25% of deaths in children under one year, and 11%ofmaternal deaths. The economic impact is substantial, with estimated annual losses of 132 billion Naira due to treatment costs, prevention, and lost productivity. This study investigates the potential of selected plant extracts to control mosquito larvae in breeding sites. The results showthat different concentrations of the extracts have varying effects on the larvae, indicating their potential as larvicides. The Azrdrachta indica extract demonstrated the highest mortalityrate, with an Lc50 of 0.98mg/L. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids in the extracts. The study concludes that these extracts arehighly effective against mosquito larvae and warrants further exploration as botanical pesticidesto harness their potential.