Pattern of plasmodium infection and efficacy of stained blood film and Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDTS) among patient attending General Hospital Offa

Abstract

Background: Malaria, a significant global health challenge, particularly in regions like Nigeria, necessitates effective diagnosis to combat its widespread impact.
Aim: The aim of this study conducted at General Hospital Offa was to comprehend the patterns of Plasmodium infection and evaluate the  efficacy of diagnostic tools, such as stained blood films and Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits (RDTs).
Methodology: With a cross-sectional design, 100 participants aged 5-30 years, exhibiting malaria symptoms, underwent clinical  evaluations, demographic data collection, and blood sample analyses.
Results: Findings revealed a 65% prevalence of Plasmodium infection, predominantly Plasmodium falciparum. Higher infection rates were  observed in the 11-20 years age group. Diagnostic tool assessment revealed variable sensitivities and specificities: Thick Blood Film (TBF) had 70% sensitivity and 85% specificity, Thin Blood Film (tBF) showed 60% sensitivity and 80% specificity, CareStart HRP2 Kit displayed 65% sensitivity and 50% specificity, and SD Bioline Kit demonstrated 55% sensitivity and 65% specificity.
Conclusion: This research provides crucial insights into local malaria infection patterns and diagnostic tool performance, guiding  evidence-based healthcare decisions. The study has the potential to shape policies, assist practitioners in selecting effective diagnostic methods, and contribute to the global anti-malaria effort. Overall, this initiative signifies a positive shift in local healthcare practices,  addressing knowledge gaps and promoting adaptable malaria control strategies in similar regions.