Estimation of serum levels of vitamin d and calcium in renal disease patients in Edo State, South-South ,Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Abnormalities in kidney function and/or structure that persist for longer than three months are considered chronic kidney  disease. End-stage renal disease, often known as kidney failure, is a medical condition in which the kidneys are unable to remove waste  products from the blood. This research focused on assessing vitamin D and calcium levels in patients with renal disease at Central  Hospital in Benin City, Nigeria.

Method: Among 110 initially recruited patients, 30 opted out due to religious beliefs, and 48 due to  undisclosed information, leaving 46 participants (32 with renal disease, 14 healthy). Using ELISA and spectrophotometric methods,  vitamin D and calcium levels were measured. SPSS (IBM) version 23.0 was used to analyze the collected data.

Results: Patients' mean age  was 50.59±14.88 years, with a prevalence of smoking (59.4%) and alcohol consumption (84.4%). Serum calcium levels were lower but  not statistically significant (p > 0.05), while vitamin D levels were significantly below normal (p < 0.05). Chronic renal disease exhibited  notably lower calcium and vitamin D levels than acute renal disease (p < 0.05). Alcohol use correlated with decreased serum vitamin D  levels.

Conclusion: Patients with renal disease displayed significantly lower vitamin D levels, potentially contributing to impaired  intestinal calcium absorption and subsequent mineral bone issues